NHM 101 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Overview of Nutrition Outline of Current Lecture II. Energy and nutrientsIII. Six major classes of nutrients IV. Categories of nutrients V. Macronutrients VI. Vitamins and minerals VII. Measuring energy in food VIII. Energy from food IX. Energy density VS nutrient density: Lower energy VS higher energy density Current LectureEnergy is the capacity to do work. Energy in food is chemical energy. Nutrients are chemical substances obtained from food. They are used in the body to provide energy and to support growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function. There are six major classes of nutrients: -Carbohydrates-Protein-Lipids (fats)-Vitamins-Minerals-Water Essential nutrients must be obtained from foods (needed from outside the body). Nonessentialnutrients can be synthesized, or made, in the body. Nonnutrients are compounds that do not fit into the six classes of nutrients for example Phytochemicals, which are nonnutrient compounds in plants that have a biological activity in the body. Macronutrients are energy-yielding nutrients. They are Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids(fats).These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Vitamins and minerals are referred to as micronutrients. They do not provide the body with energy. Vitamins are organic and complex and can be destroyed. Minerals are inorganic and indestructible. Calories are units used to measure energy. Food energy is measured in kilocalories(1000 calories= 1kcal). Calories are useful in comparing the energy available from different foods when deciding what food to eat.Energy from food: - Carbohydrates yield 4 kcal/gm- Proteins yield 4 kcal/gm- Lipids yield 9 kcal/gm- Alcohol yields 7 kcal/gm, Alcohol contributes energy but is not considered a nutrient Energy density is the measure of energy a food provides relative to the weight of the food. Nutrient density is the measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the weight of the food. - Lower energy density: smaller amount of calories for more food- Higher energy density: larger amount of calories for a small amount of
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