-1-BIOS 100, Cells and Organisms Name:Exam IV, 3 December, 2010 (OK, it was 1 December, I can’t read a calendar)Michael Muller, InstructorThis exam consists of 42 very simple questions spread like jam on toast over the following sevenpages. Each question is worth 4 points apiece. Grade for this exam will be posted on blackboardas soon as possible. The final exam is Monday, 6 December, from 1:00-1:50 pm in 250 SES(this lecture hall). Good luck!1. Which of the following changes to arteries will increase blood pressureA. Reduction of elasticity of the arterial wallsB. Plaque formation on the inner arterial walls which decreases the diameter of ateriesC. Increased sodium which increases the volume of the bloodD. A & B onlyE. A, B, & C2. In which vessel is blood pressure the lowest?A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins3. Which of the following systems or processes does not utilize the circulatory system?A. Thermoregulation B. Digestion C. Immune responsesD. Endocrine E. All of the above utilize the circulatory system4. Which of the four muscular chambers of the human heart directly propels blood into thepulmonary circulation? A. right atrium B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. left ventricle 5. Which of the following is the correct pathway that blood takes through the heart to oxygenateblood?A. Vena cava - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Pulmonary Vein - Lungs - PulmonaryArtery - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - AortaB. Vena cava - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - PulmonaryVein - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - AortaC. Vena cava - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Vein - Lungs - PulmonaryArtery - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - AortaD. Vena cava - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs -Pulmonary Vein - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - AortaE. None of the above 6. Which of the following statements (A-D) about veins are FALSE? If statements A-D are true,then choose E.A. Veins always carry blood away from the heartB. Veins in the systemic circuit typically carry deoxygenated bloodC. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of bloodD. Veins are typically located closer to the skin than arteriesE. All of the above statements about veins are TRUE-2-7. You are a physician, and you are seeing a patient who complains of abnormal fatigue duringexercise. You find that the immediate problem is a buildup of carbon dioxide in thetissues. What is the most likely cause? A. not enough hemoglobin B. abnormal hemoglobin C. abnormally shaped platelets D. abnormal carbonic anhydrase Use the key below to answer questions 8 & 9I. The air II. Blood entering the alveolar capillariesIII. Blood leaving the alveolar capillaries IV. Blood entering the body tissue capillariesV. Blood leaving the body tissue capillaries VI. The interstitial tissues28. Which of the following has the greatest concentration of CO ?A. II B. IV C. V D. VI E. B & C are both correct29. Which of the following pairs have equal concentrations of O ?A. I & III B. II & V C. III & IV D. V & VI E. B & C are both correct10. Which of the following statements (A-D) about fetal hemoglobin is FALSE? If statements A-Dare true, then choose E.2A. Fetal hemoglobin has more affinity for O than does maternal (adult) hemoglobinB. Production of fetal hemoglobin eventually stops and is replaced with adult hemoglobin2C. Fetal hemoglobin has more affinity for O than does myoglobinD. Fetal hemoglobin is what carries oxygen in the fetal circulatory systemE. All of the above statements about fetal hemoglobin are TRUE.11. Why does a fungus have a mycelium (tube-like body structure) instead of a solid mass of tissueslike animals?A. The mycelium provide more surface area, which facilitates water absorption and digestionB. The mycelium are essential in the fungal reproductive cycleC. The mycelium are essential in transport of nutrients within their body, quite like ourcirculatory systemD. The increased surface area of the mycelium allows the fungus to better hold onto theorganism it is consumingE. A & C212. In what form is the majority of CO transported in the circulatory system?22A. Dissolved CO in the plasma B. CO bound to hemoglobin233C. HCO D. HCO -E. None of the above13. How are nutrients such as glucose absorbed into the epithelial layer of the small intestine?A. The glucose molecules flow into the epithelial cell through simple diffusionB. There are Na /Glucose facilitated diffusion symports which bring glucose into the+epithelial cells down the net concentration gradient of Na and glucose+C. Glucose moves into the epithelial cells down its concentration gradient through GLUT-2glucose channels on the surface of the epithelial cellsD. There are glucose active transporter molecules which pump glucose into the epithelial cellsE. None of the above-3-Use the key below to answer questions 14 - 15I. Mouth II. Stomach III. Small intestineIV. Large intestine V. Rectum14. Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur hereA. I only B. II only C. III only D. I & II only E. I, II, III only15. This organ has the greatest internal surface area of any organ in the digestive systemA. I B. II C. III D. IV E. V16. Which toot type is incorrectly matched with its function?A. Incisors: snipping foodB. Canines: tearing plant materialC. Premolars: can be modified to suit the diet of the species (i.e. become more molar like inhorses or form carnassials in felines)D. Molars: grinding and crushingE. All of the above tooth types are correctly matched with their function17. Why wasn’t Olestra fattening?A. Olestra wasn’t a fat, it had very little energy stored in its chemical bondsB. Bile salts did not emulify Olestra, so the surface area was low and digestion was hinderedC. Olestra lubricated the linings of the small and large intestines, so food moved throughmuch faster and was less efficiently digestedD. Olestra did not fit into the active sites of digestive enzymes, so it wasn’t digestedE. None of the above18. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, attacks cells with CD4+ markers. In your immune system,Helper T Cells possess these CD4+ markers and, when a patient develops full blown AIDS,the number of Helper T Cells in their body declines. Which of the following systems arecompromised when the number of Helper T Cells declines?I. Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells II. Activation of B CellsIII. Macrophage