-1-BIOS 100, Cells and Organisms Name:You wanted it, you got it - the final! 7 December, 2008 Michael Muller, InstructorThere are 43 questions, 5 pages, every question is worth 2.5 points. Bubble in your last namefirst, or else... Have a great holiday break!1. All of the below are considered “higher-order learning” in the Bloom’s taxonomy except:A. Creating B. Evaluating C. Analyzing D. Applying E. Understanding2. Which of the following statements about the process of science is FALSE?A. Science is an evolving field - the state of our knowledge is constantly changing B. Scientific hypothesis are based upon previous knowledge C. A scientist is considered successful if their hypothesis is proven to be trueD. Theories and models are compilations of linked hypotheses used to explain largerscale phenomena E. Experimentation is one of the most accepted ways to validate a hypothesis3. Cellulose, starch, and chitin are all examples of:A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Nucleic Acids4. Protein synthesis is an example of:A. Hydrolysis B. Condensation C. Proteation D. Polymaxing5. Which of the following molecules has the most reduced carbon atom:224A. CO B. CO C. CH OH D. CH E. HCN6. Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE? A. Enzymes are not consumed in a reactionB. Substrates bind to the enzyme forming a temporary enzyme-substrate complexC. Enzymes are unique to eukaryotesD. Enzymes lower the activation energy of both the forward and the reverse reactionsE. Human enzymes typically operate under a narrow range of temperatures and pH’s (i.e. lessthan ± 5ºC and 0.5 pH variance)7. During feedback inhibition:A. The substrate concentration remains constantB. The products of the reaction sequence allosterically inhibit one of the enzymes in the sequenceC. The products of the reaction are competitive inhibitors of one of the enzymes in the reactionD. The products of the reaction are destroyed by secondary enzymesE. None of the above 8. Which of the following is NOT found in a prokaryotic cell?A. DNA & RNA B. Cytopasm C. LysosomesD. Plasma membrane E. Ribosomes-2-9. Which of the following is NOT evidence in support of the endosymbiosis theory of the origin ofthe mitochondria and chloroplast?A. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are approximately the size of a prokaryotic cellB. Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide in a process very similar to binary fissionC. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have naked DNAD. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have prokaryotic ribosomesE. All of the above are evidence in support of the endosymbiosis theory of the origin of themitochondria and chloroplasts.10. Which of the following is not part of the endomembrane system?A. Outer nuclear membrane B. Plasma membraneC. Chloroplast D. Central vacuoleE. Rough endoplasmic reticulum11. Increasing the concentration of unsaturated fatty acid chains will _________ membrane fluidity.A. increase B. decrease C. have no effect on12. Why are phospohlipids amphipathic?A. The central glycerol is what makes phospholipids amphipathicB. Phospholipids have only two fatty acid chains, this is what makes them amphipathicC. Phospholipids can dissolve in water, this is what makes them amphipathicD. Phospholipids have a polar head and a non polar tail, this is what makes themamphipathicE. None of the above13. Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is FALSE?A. The Na+/K+ pump requires the hydrolysis of ATP to operateB. The Na+/K+ produces an equal charge distribution across the membraneC. The Na+/K+ pump has two configurations, one which can bind to Na+ and the otherwhich can bind to K+D. The Na+/K+ pump is an example of an integral proteinE. The Na+/K+ pump is utilized in the kidney, the small intestine, and in neurons14. A small acorn over time can grow into a huge oak tree. The wood in such a tree can weigh manytons, even after it has been cut into logs and dried. Where does most of this biomass (drymass) come from as the tree grows?A. Minerals in the soil B. Organic matter in the soil C. The air D. Sunlight E. Magic15. Which of the following statements (A-D) about photorespiration is FALSE? If statements A-Dare true, then choose E.A. Photorespiration is bad for the plant (I will be very upset if you choose this one...)B. Repairing the damage caused by photorespiration can cost the plant up to 40% of its totalnet photosynthetic gainC. The phosphoglycolate produced by photorespiration has no use to the plantD. Photorespiration is more commonly seen in C4 plants than C3 plantsE. Photorepiration is more problematic for plants growing in hot, dry climates-3-16. Which of the following can transport a molecule against its gradient?A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Ion channels D. Active Transport17. Where in a cell is the pH the lowest during periods of heavy exercise?A. The cytoplasm B. The nucleus C. The matrixD. The intermembrane space E. The interstitial fluids18. What is the function of alcohol fermentation?A. To oxidize NADH B. To produce more ATP2C. To destroy pyruvate D. To produce CO19. What is the function of ligase?A. Removing RNA primers B. Sealing nicks in DNAC. Unwinding DNA D. Removing supercoilsE. None of the above20. Which of the following statements about telomeres and telomerases is FALSE?A. Telomeres are found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotesB. Telomerase is can synthesize DNA in a 3' to 5' directionC. Telomerase contains a built-in primerD. All of your cells contain the gene to produce telomerase enzymesE. Telomeres consist of repeating DNA sequences (e.g. TTAGGGTTAGGG....)21. What is the start codon in a mRNA?A. 3' AUG 5' B. 3' GUA 5' C. 5' TAC 3' D. 5' CAT 3'E. None of the above22. What would be the level of gene expression in the lac operon if the operator were mutated sothat the repressor protein could no longer bind to lactose?A. The lac operon would be permanently shut offB. The lac operon would be permanently turned on with frequent transcriptionC. The level of transcription of the lac operon would depend upon the concentration ofglucoseD. None of the above 23. Which of the following statements about plasmids and molecular biology is false?A. Plasmids occur naturally, but they can also be artificially created in the labB. Many plasmids used in molecular biology contain restriction sitesC. Plasmids can be taken in by bacteria if they are stressed by