-1-BIOS 100, Cells and Organisms Name:Exam IV, 3 December, 2008Michael Muller, InstructorThis exam consists of 54 questions detailing very general factoids and principles regardingmammalian anatomy and physiology sprawled out over eight pages. They aren’t as exciting asthe plant questions, but ya’ gotta do what ya’ gotta do, you know? Good luck with these - withany luck, we won’t be seeing you at the final!1. Which of the following is NOT one of the many functions of the circulatory systemA. Transportation of oxygen B. Transportation of nutrientsC. Distribution of heat D. Transport of cells involved in immunityE. All of the above are functions of the circulatory systemMatching - use the key below to answer questions 2-8. Answers may be used once, more thanonce, or not at allA. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. VeinsC 2. The blood has the slowest velocity here B 3. The greatest drop in blood pressure occurs in these blood vesselsC 4. The mast cells secrete chemicals to regulate blood flow and vessel wall permeability inthese vessels when the skin is brokenE 5. These blood vessels contain valves to prevent the backflow of bloodA 6. These blood vessels have the thickest and most elastic wallsC 7. The glomerulus is an example of these types of blood vesselsE 8. Blood pressure is lowest in these blood vessels9. Which of the following statements (A-D) about the heart is FALSE? If statements A-D aretrue, then choose E.A. Valves are present in the heart to direct the flow of blood from one chamber to thenext and prevent the back flow of blood B. Blood leaving the right ventricle is destined to the lungsC. Systolic blood pressure measures pressure when the ventricles contract while diastolicblood pressure measures pressure when the ventricles relaxD. The muscular walls of the ventricles are stronger and thicker because they must pumpblood farther than the atria pump bloodE. All of the above statements are TRUE210. Where is the partial pressure of O the lowest?A. The air we breathe B. Capillary blood surrounding the alveoliC. The blood as it enters the left atrium D. Capillary blood in body tissuesE. The interstitial fluid211. How is the majority of the CO returned to the lungsA. Directly dissolved in the blood B. Bound to hemoglobin233C. As carbonic acid (H CO ) D. As bicarbonate (HCO )--2-Use the graph below to answer questions 12 & 13.212. Which of the above molecules has the greatest affinity for oxygen (O )?A. Myoglobin B. Llama hemoglobinC. Human Fetal hemoglobin D. Human Maternal Hemoglobin213. Which of the two do you think has the lowest partial pressure of O in the placenta, maternalblood or fetal blood?A. Maternal blood B. Fetal blood14. Which organ/structure is incorrectly matched with its function?A. Teeth - mechanical digestion of foodB. Stomach - production of HCl to kill bacteria as well as mechanical and chemicaldigestion C. Small intestine - chemical digestion and absorption of nutrientsD. Large intestine - absorption of water and mineralsE. All of the above structures are correctly matched with their function15. What is Olestra?A. A naturally produced enzyme that breaks down fatB. An artificially produced enzyme that breaks down fatC. An artificially produced fat substitute which caused many unpleasant side effectsD. An artificially produced fat emulsifier E. None of the above-3-16. What is the function of bile?A. To chemically degrade triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acidsB. To neutralize stomach acidsC. To increase permeability of the intestinal walls to fatsD. To emulsify large fat globules, creating small fat droplets E. None of the above17. Why are there millions of villi in the small intestine?A. They increase the surface area, which makes absorption of nutrients easierB. They secrete enzymes which chemically break down foodC. They are help filter the digested massD. They serve as living spaces for the bacteria that live in your gutE. None of the above18. When you inhale, your diaphragm is:A. Contracting B. Relaxing C. Disarticulating19. In the pulmonary circuit, arterial blood is:A. Oxygenated B. Deoxygenated C. Both320. Why does the small intestine secrete bicarbonate (HCO ) in the duodenum?-A. To help enzymes chemically break down foodB. To help bile salts functionC. To bind to proteins, making them easier to digestD. To neutralize stomach acidE. None of the above21. Which of the following statements (A-D) about nephron function is FALSE? If statements A-D are true, then choose E.A. The permeability of the walls of the collecting duct to water are affected by thehormone ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)B. In the proximal tubule, water leaves the filtrate by osmosis and enters the bloodC. In the descending branch of the Loop on Henle, water leaves the filtrate by osmosis andeventually enters the blood in the vasa rectaD. In the ascending branch of the Loop of Henle, facilitated diffusion symportsinvolving the transport of Na and another molecule are largely used to remove+valuable nutrients, molecules, and ions from the filtrateE. All of the above statements are TRUE22. What is the function of the Na /K pump in the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the++proximal tubule?A. To pump excess Na from the filtrate into the cells lining the lumen of the proximal+tubuleB. To pump Na from the lumen epithelium cells into the filtrate to create a Na gradient++C. To pump Na from the lumen epithelium cells into the blood to create a Na gradient++D. To pump Na from the blood vessels into the lumen epithelium cells +E. None of the above-4-23. Where is blood plasma filtered out of the blood?A. The glomerulus B. The proximal tubuleC. The distal tubule D. The Loop of HenleE. The collecting duct24. When you are dehydrated, you body secretes ________ to increase water reabsorption.A. ADH B. aquaporins C. aldosteroneD. Na /K pumps E. None of the above ++25. Which portion of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water?A. The descending branch, alwaysB. The ascending branch, alwaysC. Both the ascending and descending branches, alwaysD. The descending branch only when ADH is presentE. The ascending branch only when ADH is present 26. Why is kidney pie so salty?A. The kidney is salty because of all of the sodium in the blood left in the kidneys whenkidney pie is madeB. The kidney is naturally salty because of the salt