-1-BIOS 100, Cells and Organisms Name:Exam IV, 5 December, 2007Michael Muller, InstructorThis exam consists of 54 painfully simple questions created with love and joyously displayedover the seven pages you have been given. Last exam I warned you that if you didn’t bubble inyour last name, I wouldn’t give you the extra credit points you earned. Two people didn’t listen,and they lost their points. Do not join them... everyone’s asking for extra credit, and all you haveto do to earn it is to follow directions. Isn’t that easy?1. The heart has been called “two pumps in one.” The right side of the heart is involved in______ circulation while the left side of the heart is involved in _______ circulation.A. pulmonary; systemic B. systemic; pulmonary2. Which of the following statements (A-D) about the heart is FALSE? If statements A-D aretrue, then choose E.A. Systolic blood pressure measures pressure when the ventricles contract while diastolicblood pressure measures pressure when the ventricles relaxB. The muscular walls of the ventricles are stronger and thicker because they must pumpblood farther than the thinner walls of the atria.C. Blood leaving the right ventricle is destined to the bodyD. Valves are present in the heart to direct the flow of blood from one chamber to thenext and prevent the back flow of blood E. All of the above statements are TRUEMatching - use the key below to answer questions 3-8. Answers may be used once, more thanonce, or not at allA. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins3. These blood vessels have the thinnest walls 4. The greatest drop in blood pressure occurs in these blood vessels5. These blood vessels contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood6. These blood vessels have the thickest and most elastic walls7. Gas exchange typically occurs across the membranes of these blood vessels8. Blood pressure is lowest in these blood vessels29. Where is the partial pressure of O the greatest?A. The air we breathe B. Capillary blood surrounding the alveoliC. The blood as it enters the left atrium D. Capillary blood in body tissuesE. The interstitial fluid210. Where is the partial pressure of CO the greatest?A. The air we breathe B. Capillary blood surrounding the alveoliC. The blood as it enters the left atrium D. Capillary blood in body tissuesE. The interstitial fluid-2-211. How is the majority of the CO returned to the lungsA. Directly dissolved in the blood B. Bound to hemoglobin23 3C. As carbonic acid (H CO ) D. As bicarbonate (HCO )-12. Which of the following statements (A-C) about myoglobin is FALSE? If statements A-C aretrue, then choose D.A. Myoglobin is primarily located in the muscles2B. Myoglobin has a much higher affinity for O than normal hemoglobin2C. Myoglobin will release O when the muscles become oxygen starvedD. All of the above statements about myoglobin are TRUE13. Which organ is incorrectly matched with its function?A. Small intestine - chemical digestion and absorption of nutrientsB. Large intestine - absorption of water and mineralsC. Liver - production of the majority of digestive enzymes for the small intestineD. Gall bladder - storage of bileE. Stomach - production of HCl to kill bacteria as well as mechanical and chemicaldigestion 14. Why does the small intestine possess such a great internal surface area?A. To better facilitate absorption of nutrient absorptionB. To minimize damage from the highly acidic stomachC. To better facilitate the secretion of digestive enzymesD. The finger-like villi help to move food through the small intestineE. I’m just messin’ with ya’ - the small intestine doesn’t possess a great internal surfacearea 15. What is the function of bile?A. To break down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acidsB. To emulsify large fat globules, creating small fat droplets C. To increase permeability of the intestinal walls to fatsD. To neutralize stomach acidsE. None of the above16. What was Olestra?A. A naturally produced enzyme that breaks down fatB. An artificially produced enzyme that breaks down fatC. An artificially produced fat substitute which caused many unpleasant side effectsD. An artificially produced fat emulsifier E. None of the above17. Which organ has the greatest amount of vascularization?A. The mouth B. The stomach C. The small intestineD. The large intestine E. The anus-3-18. What is the function of the Na /K pump in the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the++proximal tubule?A. To pump excess Na from the filtrate into the luminal cells+B. To pump Na from the lumen epithelium cells into the filtrate to create a Na gradient++C. To pump Na from the lumen epithelium cells into the blool to create a Na gradient++D. To pump Na from the blood vessels into the lumen epithelium cells +E. None of the above19. Where is blood plasma filtered out of the blood?A. The glomerulus B. The proximal tubuleC. The distal tubule D. The Loop of HenleE. The Bowman’s capsule20. Which of the following statements (A-D) about nephron function is FALSE? If statementsA-D are true, then choose E.A. The permeability of the walls of the ascending branch of the Loop of Henle and thecollecting duct to water are affected by the hormone ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)B. Water leaves the filtrate by osmosis and enters the blood in the proximal tubuleC. Water leaves the filtrate by osmosis and eventually enters the blood in the descendingbranch of the Loop of HenleD. Facilitated diffusion symports involving the transport of Na and another molecule are+largely used to remove valuable nutrients, molecules, and ions from the filtrateE. All of the above statements are TRUE21. When Na levels of the blood are low, the body secretes ________ to increase Na absorption.++A. ADH B. aquaporins C. aldosteroneD. Na /K pumps E. None of the above ++22. What is the function of podocytes?A. Podocytes increase the pressure in the glomerulus to help squeeze out blood plasmaB. Podocytes line the Bowman’s capsule to help filter the filtrateC. Podocytes line the glomerular capillaries and aid in filtrationD. Podocytes secrete ADHE. None of the above23. The solute concentration of the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla ranges from 300mosm/L to 1200 mosm/L. What is the concentration of the filtrate in the hairpin turn ofLoop of Henle?A. 300 mosm/L B. 600 mosm/L C. 900 mosm/LD.