POLS 2312 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Lecture 1 - Harold Laswell-defined politics as the struggle of who gets what, when , and how- Government: public institution with authority to allocate resources, formulate and adopt public plans.- Public policy: covers health issues, employment, transportation, education, public safety, energy policy and prison relations- Danielle Elizar identified moralistic, traditionalistic, and individualistic- moralistic: puritans, N/E states, government supposed to improve peoples lives- traditionalistic: old south, government is elite domain- individualistic: westward expansion, government should maintain stable society.Lecture 2 - 6 flags have flown over TX: Spain, France, Mexico, Republic of Texas, Confederate States of America, and The U.S.A- TX legislature meets biennially, makes 600 a month-can only change by vote of people- Anne Richards- lotto.- Oil bust in 1980 diversify economy- Land= 267000sq used for cattle, cotton, oil- Spindle top field was 1st major well found in TX- Biggest counties: Harris, Dallas, Bexar, Travis, TarrantLecture 3- Tx is a majority/minor state.- Molato: mixed decent- TX known for cattle, cotton, oil - TX has 52 of 500 largest corporations- Oil revenues go to UT and A&M systems, TX has high technology, biotech, service, health care, agriculture, tradeLecture 4- 1986 Immigration Control and Reform Act- 1996 Immigration Control and Financial Responsibilities Act- 2002 Enhanced Borders Security and Visa Energy Reform Act.- 2006 Secure Fence Act- Problems: immigration, H20 resources, environmental protection, poverty- 1/5 of TX children live in povertyLecture 5- Federalism: division of power between national and regional government. - Federal government powers are enumerated by the constitution- Powers: interstate commerce, borrow coin money, post office, war- Implied powers: necessary and proper clause- TX has had 7 constitutionsLecture 6- Unfunded mandates: state is mandated to do something with no money to back it up.- Regressing tax: tax based on amount of income. The bigger ones income, the less percentage of it is taxed.- Uniform rules of naturalization: maintain environmental protection standards. AZ got in trouble for doing this when the national wasn’t.- Implied powers allow the government to encroach in affairs b/c of the necessary and proper clause. Ex: minimum wage, health care, and education- Edmund J Davis: worst governor ever! Corrupt, marshal lawLecture7- City governments have limited resources and increased responsibilities.- Raise revenue with tax, polls, fees, liquor licensee, property tax- Property tax exemptions: homestead, senior, veteran, disabled.- Too many exemptions are bad-not enough revenue coming in to the city- Tax reinvestment zones: tax breaks to attract investment in blighted inner-city areas andother areas that need improvements.- Counties are an arm of the state- Mandated must have sheriff, judge, 4 commissioners, county attorney, clerk, tax assessor, treasurer and constable- Commissioner: policy making, set budgets and taxes, provide courthouse, jail- Attorney handles legal, civil, and criminal affairs,- To release bond, must be voted on by the citizens.- 2 types of special districts: educational (ISD) and non- educational. Both meant to serve a particular group of people for a specific