PHIL 1010, CRITICAL THINKINGEXERCISES DUE THURS, 9/18EXERCISES 3.5 (Sections 4-4.2.4)A. Consider each of the following passages. Determine if the passage contains a definition. If it containsa definition, indicate whether the type of the definition is extensional or intensional. If the definition isintensional, indicate whether it is a dictionary definition or a technical definition. If it is a technicaldefinition, indicate whether is being used for convenience, a new thing, greater precision, or for a theory. Note that a passage may contain more than one definition.1. This Dr. Pepper is cold.No definition.2. A magazine is a periodical containing miscellaneous pieces (as articles, stories, poems) and oftenillustrated.Intensional. Dictionary.3. For the purposes of this document, “magazine” refers only a room in which gun powder is kept in afort. While there are other uses of this term, clarity requires us to focus on one particular use.Intensional. Technical. Greater precision.4. ABC is the American Broadcasting Company.Intensional. Technical. Convenience. 5. A keyboard is an assemblage of systematically arranged keys by which a machine or device isoperated.Intensional. Dictionary.6. “You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of TomSawyer; but that ain't no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth,mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. Inever seen anybody but lied one time or another, without it was Aunt Polly, or the widow, ormaybe Mary. Aunt Polly--Tom's Aunt Polly, she is--and Mary, and the Widow Douglas is all toldabout in that book, which is mostly a true book, with some stretchers, as I said before.” MarkTwain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, first paragraph.No definition.7. “The broader question it explores is how exit options are constructed in social contractarian (SC)arguments that seek to justify...a particular division of the social surplus generated by politicalcooperation.” Barbara Fried, “‘If You Don’t Like It, Leave It’: The Problem of Exit in SocialContractarian Arguments, Philosophy and Public Affairs 31, no. 1, Winter 2003, p.40-70 at 41.No definition.8. “E-mail spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email (UBE) or unsolicited commercial email (UCE), isthe practice of sending unwanted e-mail messages, frequently with commercial content, in largequantities to an indiscriminate set of recipients.” Wikipedia article “Spam,”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_(electronic), December 20, 2007Intensional. Dictionary and Technical. The definition of “e-mail spam” is dictionary but the definitionsof “UBE” and “UCE” are technical used for convenience.9. “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Patrick Henry.No definition.10. “Active sites are the locations at which catalysis occurs, whether on the surface of a heterogeneiouscatalyst or an enzyme.” Ralph Petrucci et al., General Chemistry, 8 ed. (Upper Saddle River,thNJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005) p. A30. Intensional. Technical. Greater precision.11. “Punk is musical freedom. It's saying, doing and playing what you want. In Webster's terms, 'nirvana'means freedom from pain, suffering and the external world, and that's pretty close to mydefinition of punk rock.” Kurt Cobain, from http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/k/kurtcobain167113.html,December 20, 2007Intensional. Technical. New thing. (Punk rock was new when Kurt Cobain said this.12. “The term “firearm” means...any weapon (including a starter gun) which will or is designed to or mayreadily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive.” 18 USC 921. (Thispassage is from the United States Code, the official record of the laws of the United States.)Intensional. Technical. Greater precision.13. “income = wages or salary from work and earnings from investments.” John Macionis, Society: TheBasics (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006) p. 478. Intensional. Technical. Greater precision.14. “Auguste Comte and Karl Marx stand among the giants of sociology.” John Macionis, Society: TheBasics (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006) p. 10. No definition.15. “[Here is] the sense of “harm”..that...is used in the harm principle: only setbacks of interests that arewrongs, and wrongs that are setbacks to interest, are to count as harms in the appropriate sense.”Joel Feinberg, Harm to Others (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984) .p 36. Intensional. Technical. Greater precision and theory.EXERCISES 3.9 (Sections 6-6.5)A. Consider each of the following passages. Determine if the passage contains a definition. If it containsa definition, evaluate it using the five criteria discussed in Section 6.1. Red things are those things that have the quality of redness.Ambiguity, okVagueness, okCorrect Extension, okCorrect Intension, intension is not good because the term “red things” is defined using the term“redness.” This doesn’t help us pick out the intension of “red.”Not persuasive, ok2. A vehicle is a means of transporting something.Ambiguity, okVagueness, the term “means” is too vague. The border between things that are means and things that arenot is not clear.Correct Extension, too broad. A horse is a means of transporting things but it isn’t a vehicle.Correct Intension, not correct. See comment about a horse.Not persuasive, ok3. Chicken is the most popular meat in the United States.No definition.4. To understand a concept is to grasp that concept.Ambiguity, ok, Vagueness, it is not clear what the word “grasp” means. You cannot literally grasp a concept in the waythat you can grasp a baseball bat.Correct Extension, okCorrect Intension, not good because of the vagueness of “grasp.”Not persuasive, ok5. Buildings are things that are not natural.Ambiguity, okVagueness, “things” and “natural” are both very vague terms.Correct Extension, too broad, my toothbrush is not natural but it is not a building.Correct Intension, incorrect, see toothbrush exampleNot persuasive, ok6. Hazing is any activity that singles out first-years or newcomers.Ambiguity, okVagueness, the time “activity” is too vagueCorrect Extension, too broad, giving a medallion to first-year students singles them out but it isn’thazing.Correct Intension, incorrect. See medallion example.Not persuasive, ok7. A dragon is a