PHIL 1010, CRITICAL THINKINGEXERCISES DUE THURS, 8/28Answer KeyEXERCISES 1.1 (Sections 2 - 2.3)B. Assume that Jack and Jill had the following discussion. (a) For each sentence, indicate whether itmakes a statement or not. (b) For each sentence that is not a statement, describe what it does.1. Jack: Let’s go up the hill.Command2. Jill: That’s a bad idea. Statement3. Jack: Why?Question4. Jill: It’s a very steep hillStatement5. Jack: I don’t care about that.Statement6. Jill: But I have a heart condition.Statement7. Jack: I don’t care about that either.Statement8. Jill: Well, I see that you are a heartless human being.Statement9. Jack: To the contrary, I have a very healthy heart.Statement10. Jill: But you don’t care at all about my heart.Statement11. Jack: If you have a heart condition, then you should get a good cardiologist to care for it.Statment12. Jill: You’re making stupid jokes about my heart condition. StatementAre you some kind of jerk, or what?QuestionD. Which of the following sentences are not likely to be the premise of any argument? Explain.1. Many people in the United States own a car.Likely to be used as a premise.2. Freedom is the most important value.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is controversial.3. Hang-gliding is more dangerous than walking on a beach.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is not known by many people.4. Give me liberty or give me death.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is controversial.5. Democracy is the best form of government.Could be used as a premise among Americans. Not likely to be used as a premise if talking to people inother countries as in that context this statement is controversial.6. Communism was an evil system.Could be used as a premise among Americans. Not likely to be used as a premise if talking to people inother countries as in that context this statement is controversial.7. Evil will win if good people do not fight against it.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is controversial.8. Back To Black (Title of an Amy Winehouse album.)Not likely to be used as a premise. This is not a statement9. Abortion should be legal.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is controversial.10. Abortion should be illegal.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is controversial.11. How far until the next exit?Not likely to be used as a premise. This is not a statement.12. Everyone should take an economics course.Not likely to be used as a premise. This statement is controversial.13. “It is considered important to be able to listen to another person.” (From a quote above.)Likely to be used as a premise.14. “[G]overnment should not be in the business of limiting speech.” (From a quote above.)Could be used as a premise among Americans. Not likely to be used as a premise if talking to people inother countries as in that context this statement is controversial.15. “The Cherokees believed that they had a sacred duty to avenge the deaths of fallen comrades.” (From a quote above.)Likely to be used as a premise.EXERCISES 1.5 (Sections 4.2.5 - 4.3.5)B. Determine whether each of the following passages contains: an argument, an assertion, a question, acommand, or a description. If the passage contains an argument, identify the premises and conclusion ofeach argument.1. Look it, we need to take I-285 instead of I-75. At this time of day, I-285 is always a mess and I read inthe newspaper this morning that they were repaving part of I-285 today.Argument.Conclusion: We should take I-285.Premise: I-285 is always a mess.Premise: They are repaving part of I-285 today.2. The patient presents with fever, sweating, and a cough but claims that she has no pain in the throat orthe ears.Description.3. Your car is pulling right but the tires look ok. I think you one of your tie rods is bent.ArgumentConclusion: One of your tie rods is bent.Premise: Your care is pulling to the right.Premise: The tires look ok.4. “Get thee to a nunnery!” Hamlet, W illiams Shakespeare, Act 3, Sc. 1.Command.5. “Oh ! you gods, why do you make us love your goodly gifts, and snatch them straight away?” Pericles,William Shakespeare, Act 3, Sc. 1. Question6. “Your mother was a hamster and your father smelt of elderberries!” Monty Python and the Holy Grail.Assertion7. “It is often said that brown sugar is a healthier option than white sugar….In reality, brown sugar ismost often ordinary table sugar that is turned brown by the reintroduction of molasses. Normallymolasses is separated and removed when sugar is created….Because of its molasses content,brown sugar does contain certain minerals…But…these minerals are present in only minusculeamounts… .Nutritionally, brown sugar and white sugar are not much different.” NY Times June12, 2007, p. D5.ArgumentConclusion: Nutritionally, brown sugar and white sugar are not much different.Premise: Brown sugar is white sugar with molasses added.Premise: The molasses adds only minuscule amounts of minerals.8. “[A]ll genuine political theories presuppose man to be evil…. This can be easily documented in theworks of every specific political thinker.” Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, GeorgeSchwab, trans. U of Chicago Press, 1996 [1932], p. 61.Assertion9. The following passage is about the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs. It speaks of the Aztec emperor,Moctezuma, the Spanish conquistador, Cortes, and the legendary Aztec god-King, Queutzalcoatl, who had been driven from this throne and had vowed to return some day.“Moctezuma was said to believe that Cortes was Queutzalcoatl….There is no reason to doubt thegood faith of the authors of these accounts: it is clear that they believed this version. Nonetheless, the same may not have been true of Moctezuma and his relations. The Spaniardsappeared for the first time in 1517, whereas Queutzalcoatl was supposed to have returned in aOne-Reed year of the Aztec calendar ... in 1519.” Tzvetan Todorov, The Morals of History Alyson Waters, trans., U of Minnesota, 1995 pp. 22-23.ArgumentConclusion: Moctezuma may not have believed that Cortes was Queutzalcoatl.Premise: The Spaniards appeared for the first time in 1517, whereas Queutzalcoatl was supposed to havereturned in a One-Reed year of the Aztec calendar in 1519.10. “In a few days Mr. Bingley returned Mr. Bennet's visit, and sat about ten minutes with him in hislibrary. He had