Exam 1 Review Spring 2012 Tips for studying Use your class notes textbook and this outline to determine important topics to focus on while studying Your class notes indicate the material I view as most important and will likely emphasize on the exam You should also note that there is some material in the textbook that I do not have time to cover in class but will note during class that you should read that section of the chapter Finally use the textbook s study guide to work through some sample test questions Ch 1 Intro to Social Psych Definition of Soc Psy what are the 4 main emphases this semester Importance of context Example from 1984 Pres Debate what were results of the study on perceptions of Reagan based on reactions of the audience How does social psych overlap and differ from other related fields Clinical personality cognitive psych Sociology How does social psych research differ from common sense Use of scientific method hypotheses theory what are hypotheses and theories History of Social Psych Earliest research in the field social facilitation Effects of WW2 on the field importance of interactionism what is it Expansion in the 60s and 70s debate over ethics caused by Milgram Pluralism in the 70s 90s what are the hot versus cold perspectives Current influences social cognition evolution culture technology Examples of virtual environment research how is it used Current research from Blascovich s lab using technology Values can influence our research Our theories developed in the US may not always apply Ethan Watters example from class related to views of trauma Ch 2 The Research Process Use of scientific method Research Process steps Development of ideas Hypotheses and theories definitions of each Differences in basic vs applied research Refining ideas Start with conceptual variable Find operational definition of the conceptual variable o What is an operational definition Example o Related to construct validity definition Determine how to measure your variables o Self reports Possible problems bogus pipeline what is it o Observations Can use interrater reliability what is it o Technology Testing ideas Descriptive research options o Observations o Archival data o Surveys Sampling issues what type of sampling is best How does random sampling work How does random assignment to groups work Experiment examples see Greitmeyer 2009 song lyrics study in book see notes on Schneider et al 2001 study from class variables and results in each study Correlational Methods o Positive negative or no correlation o Cannot make cause effect conclusions What is the 3rd variable problem Experimental methods o Most of social psych research fits here often done in lab o What are 2 distinguishing factors of experiments Advantages of correlational methods Advantages of experimental methods Independent and Dependent variables what are definitions and examples of each What are subject variables Statistical Significance what is its importance What are standard conventions for levels of significance External and Internal Validity External issues of generalizability o Differences between mundane realism experimental realism examples of each Internal does the IV cause the DV o How can it be assessed Importance of control groups How to reduce experimenter expectancies o Use of Deception different levels types False purpose False feedback Confederates Are there benefits of deception Ethical concerns with deception o Other ethical issues in research need informed consent debriefing Chapter 3 The Social Self note some material may change slightly depending on how much time we have to cover these topics in class in the upcoming days check your class notes for correspondence What are self concepts and self schemas o Mirror test and self recognition when do humans apes develop recognition of themselves as separate beings How is the mark test used to determine self recognition Sources of self concept development o 1 Introspection how does it work How good bad are we at this What is impact bias o 2 Self perception Bem s research When do we use self perceptions How do self perceptions influence our emotions Research on facial feedback results Research on embodied cognition results How do self perceptions influence our motivation Overjustification effect what is it Results of research o What does research on children indicate regarding intrinsic motivation o 3 Influence of other people Social Comparison theory When do we compare ourselves to others Who do we choose to compare ourselves to o 4 Autobiographical Memories What stages are often recalled Flashbulb memories is there a survival purpose o Example from 9 11 brain mechanism differences in those closer to World Trade Center o 5 Culture and Self concept Individualism vs Collectivism how do people define themselves How does it affect our social comparisons Self esteem o Definition Purposes o What contributes to self esteem Self discrepancy theory Importance of actual vs ideal selves Degree of self awareness can influence our behavior Halloween candy example what were results here Self regulation and self control o Baumeister s research self control as a limited resource that can be depleted How can we re energize our self control Self assessments o We may overestimate our abilities implicit egotism o Self serving cognitions Self handicapping how does this work Why do we do it BIRGing Basking in the Reflected Glory when do we do this Downward social comparisons when is this done Self presentation o Strategic self presentation what is it Use of ingratiation and self promotion in job interviews o Self verification Impact of others on self concepts How does it work for those with negative self concepts Implications for relationships o Self monitoring what is it How do low versus high self monitors behave