Chapter 4: Perceiving PersonsAttributionsAttribution Theories (cont.)PowerPoint PresentationAttribution BiasesSlide 6Examples & Sources of the FAEMotivational BiasesImpression FormationChapter 4: Perceiving PersonsPart 2: Sept. 19, 2011Attributions•Attribution = explanation about a behavior–Heider – personal vs. situational–Attribution theories:•1. Jones – Correspondent Inference theory:–Infer from action :1. Did the person have a choice?2. Was the behavior expected?3. How many positive effects were there?Attribution Theories (cont.)•2) Kelly’s Covariation theory:–Attribute behavior to internal (person) or external (situation) based on 3 questions –•1. Consensus•2. Distinctiveness•3. Consistency•See fig 4.4•If low distinctiveness & low consensus, but high consistency, which attribution? –Example?•If high distinctiveness & high consensus, but low consistency, which attribution?–Example?Attribution Biases•What are heuristics?–1. Availability heuristic•Can lead to false consensus•Can lead to baserate fallacy•Linked to counterfactual thinking –Regret over what we might have done–Olympic results example:•2) Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE):–What is it?–2-step model:Examples & Sources of the FAE•Example –•Sources of FAE:–1) Actor-observer difference. What is it?–2) Time perspective – –3) Cultural differences –Motivational Biases•Self-serving biases–Influence of need for self-esteem–Belief in a just worldImpression Formation•How do we integrate information to form impressions?•Common deviations from rules:–Perceiver characteristics–Priming effects–Target
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