Slide 1Attribution Theories (cont.)Slide 3Biases: Attribution BiasesSlide 5Examples & Sources of the FAEBiases: Motivational BiasesSlide 8Biases: Confirmation BiasesSlide 10Chapter 4: Perceiving PersonsPart 2: Feb. 14, 2012Attribution Theories (cont.)•2) Kelly’s Covariation theory:–Attribute behavior to internal (person) or external (situation) based on 3 questions –•1. Consensus•2. Distinctiveness•3. Consistency•See fig 4.4•If low distinctiveness & low consensus, but high consistency, which attribution? –Example?•If high distinctiveness & high consensus, but low consistency, which attribution?–Example?Biases: Attribution Biases•1) Attribution Biases–What are heuristics?•A) Availability heuristic–i) Can lead to false consensus–ii) Can lead to baserate fallacy–iii) Linked to counterfactual thinking •Regret over what we might have done•Olympic results example:•2) Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE):–What is it?–2-step model:Examples & Sources of the FAE•Example –•Sources of FAE:–1) Actor-observer difference. What is it?–2) Time perspective – –3) Cultural differences –Biases: Motivational Biases•2) Motivational Biases–A) Self-serving biases•Influence of need for self-esteem•Belief in a just world–B) Belief in a Just World•How does it work?•Effects on how we view others, especially victims?–Why might we ‘enhance’ victims?Biases: Confirmation Biases•3) Confirmation Biases–A) Belief Perseverance - search for confirming evidence•“On Being Sane in Insane Places” example•What do we do with disconfirming evidence?•Remedy ?•B) Self-fulfilling prophecy ––Expectations can lead to fulfillment•Pygmalion in the classroom – what are the results?–Rosenthal’s (1968) study – automatic process»4 ways ‘bloomers’ were treated differently:–Differences between experiments on SFP and
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