Exam 4 Review – Fall 2011Note: because I am posting this outline after only covering half of the material so far, check back periodically for updates based on material actually covered in classCh 10 – Helping OthersCh 11 - AggressionExam 4 Review – Fall 2011Note: because I am posting this outline after only covering half of the material so far,check back periodically for updates based on material actually covered in class Ch 10 – Helping Others Motives for altruism  Evolutionary explanations Kin Selection – what evidence supports this? Reciprocity Empathy – cognitive and emotional components? Toddler research – results from 14-18 mo. olds & empathy? Franz deWaal’s research – when do monkeys choose selfishor prosocial rewards? Cost-reward model Social exchange – outcomes of well-being & following norms When is helping egoistic vs. altruistic? Empathy-altruism hypothesis What does Batson’s research show? Influence of perspective taking & empathy Penner’s research on volunteering – possible motives Modeling, threat to community, just-world theory, terror management theory, negative state relief Zimbardo’s Heroic Imagination Project as positive example… Bystander Effect (Latane & Darley’s research) Kitty Genovese example that started research on bystanders What kinds of experimental manipulations have Latane & Darley used to find the bystander effect? What results are typical in these experiments? Effects of pluralistic ignorance, difficulty in interpreting situation, diffusion of responsibility Shotland experiment on intervening in male/female violence: Impact of assumptions about their relationship Other Situational Influences (rural, culture, role models) Impact of gender – distinction based on type of helping situation  Getting helped – attractiveness & victim responsibility Ways to increase helping  Awareness of the bystander effect Avoid overjustificationCh 11 - Aggression- Distinction between aggression & assertivenesso emotional v. instrumental aggression- Bio explanations:o Freud’s beliefs about innate drives for aggressiono Catharsis – is there support for this hypothesis?o Testosteroneo Gender differences in feelings & expressions of anger When are/aren’t there gender differences?- Social Learning – Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment – what happened?- TV & violence – Gerbner’s researcho What is ‘happy violence’?o What is the ‘mean world syndrome”?- Frustration-aggression theory – gender differences?o Berkowitz’s research – how did he revise his theory to account for results?- Aggression triggers:o Paino Heat – evidence from major league baseball?o Crowdingo Arousal – Schacter’s experiment – results related to attribution of arousal – how did it make a difference in aggression?o Guns as cues for aggression Violent video games – Anderson & Bushman’s study – results? (deleted 12/1)- Aggression & porn/rape mytho What is the rape myth? How might it affect aggressive behavior?o Dornerstein’s research on violent porn and male-male v. male-female aggression – results?- Culture of Honor – Nisbetto What regional differences exist in culture of honor & aggressiono Experimental evidence from lab? Field study with letters to businesses – results? (Deleted 12/1)- How punishment can be effective – what are main dimensions to consider?o Concerns related to social learning theory?- Incompatible Responses to Aggression – Baron’s studyo How did drivers react to the confederate under different situations? What was the most effective in reducing aggression?Chapter 12 – Social Psych and the Courtroom  Eyewitness memory – Jennifer Thompson case as an example (know the general facts of the case)– 3 stages of memory Acquisition Role of stress Role of weapons Own-race bias Storage Loaded questions What is the misinformation effect (Loftus’ research)? Source monitoring error – how does this work? (deleted 11/30) Children’s memories (deleted 11/30) Retrieval Lineup format (Wells’ research) Examples of good lineup formats Sequential or simultaneous? Composite face programs (deleted 12/2) Instructions to eyewitnesses Cognitive interviews – how do these work? Jurors’ perceptions of eyewitness testimony– Confidence vs. accuracy Jury deliberations– Processing info – story order vs. witness order (how does each work?) Criticisms of jury research (deleted 11/30)Chapter 13 – Social Psych & Business - What is studied in I/O Psych?o Early research – Hawthorne Studies (details? Results?)- Interview Researcho Potential biaseso Predictive validityo Faking in interviews – what is the concern? Reducing faking?- Other Selection Methodso Standardized testing Links between general intelligence & job performance Integrity testing – overt vs. covert tests- Performance & Appraisalso Supervisor ratings Biases – leniency, halo, contrast effectso Self-evaluations- Leadership –o Trait or learned behavior?o General intelligence vs. emotional intelligence (deleted 11/30)- Motivation –o Adam’s Equity theory – how does it work?  Impact of overpaid vs. underpaid Actions to restore