Slide 1ComplianceSlide 3ObedienceSlide 5Slide 6Reasons for Obedience?Ethics of Milgram’s WorkFollow-ups to Milgram’s studySlide 10Application: Cult Behavior and the Jonestown MassacreChapter 7: ConformityPart 2: March 8, 2012Compliance•Make direct requests of us & hope we comply–Differs from conformity:–Sometimes we mindlessly comply•Strategies for compliance?–Use the reciprocity norm – repay someone a favor•Immediate vs. delayed effects?•Sequential Requests:–Foot-in-the-door technique: start w/small request•Example?•Based on self-perception?–Lowballing technique: agreement then change the deal•Example?–Door-in-the face technique: start w/big request then smaller request•How is contrast effect at work?Obedience•Compliance through direct orders.–Examples:•Milgram’s research on obedience:–Controversial set of experiments on obeying authority and causing others’ pain (1963)–1 subject, 1 confederate, 1 experimenter at Yale–Subject must ‘teach’ confederate list of words–Punishment?•What were the ‘teachers’ instructions?•How did confederate (‘learner’) react?–What happened if confederate protested?•Results?•Next study - confederate with “heart problem”–What % still complied?•See Fig 7.7–Impact of situation on obedience rates:•Location•Experimenter characteristics•Closeness to victim•Disobedient othersReasons for Obedience?•Normative & Info sources in Milgram’s study?•1. Conforming to the wrong norm•2. Cognitive Dissonance•3. Loss of personal responsibilityEthics of Milgram’s Work•Criticisms of the studies?•What did Milgram argue about the benefits?•What did participants report 1 yr later?Follow-ups to Milgram’s study•Replications ––Burger’s (2009) experiment: partial replication using up to 150 volts (rather than 450 max)•Similarity to Milgram•Differences from Milgram?•Results?–Milgram’s “choose any level of shock” variation -•Most people make the FAE when reading Milgram’s studies –How so?Application: Cult Behavior and the Jonestown Massacre•1978 mass suicide at “Jonestown” as obedience example…–People’s Temple with Jim Jones as leader moved from SF to S. American jungle. – 910 people killed themselves on Jones’ command•Many explanations focus on Jones’ charisma.•Situational
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