CLAS 1000: Exam 1
99 Cards in this Set
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5 things that began in ancient Greece
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Democracy, philosophy, history writing, and drama
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Mesopotamia
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"Land between two rivers"- what is now Iraq
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greek dark age
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1100-800 BC (800 BC Homer writes the Iliad and the Odyssey)
Many greeks leave the mainland
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Poleis
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Independent city-states in ancient Greece. Polis literally means “city.”
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The Greek Problem
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Gods can't reveal truth, so men must reason it among themselves as equals
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Demokratia
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Power of the people- first democracy. All male citizens debated and voted.
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6th century BC
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Intellectuals in Ionia developed rational models and mechanics
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4th Century BC
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Epoch-making work of Plato and Aristotle
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3rd Century BC
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Mathematical discoveries of the Sicilian engineer Archimedes
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Archaic period
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600-480 BC
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Classical period
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4th and 5th centrury BC
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Hellenistic period
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Alexander's death in 323 BC to Cleopatra's death in 30 BC
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Autochthonous
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Born from the soil
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Pelasgians
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Peoples of the sea
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Ionians
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descendants of Ion
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Dorians
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Claimed descendants from Heracles
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Hellas
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Greece
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hellenes
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occupants of Hellas
greek name that the Greeks gave themselves
means awareness or identity
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Hesiod
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Greek poet who wrote Theogony, the story of how Greece got its Gods
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Works and Days
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Farmer's almanac; composed by Hesiod. Contains stories of Prometheus, Pandora, and The Myth of Ages
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Demography
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The study of biological aspects of human societies
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Thucydides
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Famous historian who wrote about Peloponnesian War and believed that certain types of events and political events recur over time.
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Hippocrates
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(460-370 BCE)
-ancient Greek considered the founder of scientific medicine and Western medical ethics
rational/empirical approach
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Mediterranean Triad
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Bread, Olives, and wine
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Sappho
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Female Greek poet. Sang of love and the beauty of her island home.
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Misogyny
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Hatred for women
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Xenophon
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An Athenian aristocrat and professional soldier.
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Aspasia
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A women in Athens that wasn't a native Athenian. She had special status. Was well educated and taught public speaking to many native Athenians. Plato, the famous Greek philosopher, said Aspasia's work helped shape Plato's ideas.
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pederasty
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sexual contact between adult men and postpubescent boys
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oikos
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family unit "household"
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Amiphidromia
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"running around" which established a child's legitimacy
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Hestia
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Vesta
Goddess of the hearth and home
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Fertile Crescent
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A band of well-watered land stretching from the Persian gulf in the east, northwest along the Tigris-Euphrates rivers, Syria, and then down the Mediterranean coast.
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Neolithic Revolutiong
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the stone age
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Proto-Indo-European
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A hypothetical language that was somehow ancestor to all later Indo-European languages, and that group migrates across Europe ans South Asia, displacing or replacing earlier inhabitants and their languages.
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Secondary products revolution
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A shift toward raising animals as much for traction, milk, and wool as for meat.
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Indo-European
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Single family of languages
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Lerna- House of the Tiles.
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Rectangular house with stairwells on the long sides, known as corridor houses. Believed to be the house to settle disputes.
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Cycladic Figurines - and head
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Date: 2800-2300 BC
Made of/with: marble, emergy and obsidian, paint (hematite red and azurite blue)
Types: nude females (often with folded arms), nudes males, lyre players, flute players
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Middle Bronze Age
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A dark age obscure to modern scholars and characterized by social regression.
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Cnossus
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It was a palace on Crete.
Cnossus had been the center of a powerful naval state.
This place was discovered by Sir Arthur Evans'.
Evans named this first Aegean civilization Minoan.
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Minos
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A great king thought to have once ruled Crete
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Minoan
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What Crete is sometimes called during the Bronze age.
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Minotaur
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Bull of Minos- Half man, half bull, man eating
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Primary sources
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Written sources of information produced by people actually present during the period described
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Secondary sources
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written texts that are not primary sources
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Second palace period
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best-known phase of Minoan history.
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Redistributive centers
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collected and reapportioned resources; Minoan palaces
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Command economy
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An economy in which a government planning group makes most of the basic economic decisions for the country.
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Thalassocracy
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kingdom of the sea.
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Linear A
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How palaces kept track of their quantities of inventory. IE- grain, oil, wine, etc.
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Akrotiri
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A minoan pompeii, giving us unique insights to daily life
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Mycenae
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Fortified city
city enclosed by cyclopean wall
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Grave Circle A
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Mycenaean
originally outside the city wall
Heinrich Sheiman excavated
19 Burials of men, women, and children
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Late Bronze Age
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Mycenaean
1500-1300 BCE
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Mycenaen
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A greek mainland that had profound trade with the Minoans. Heinrich Schliemann was an archaelogist that founded Mycenae and Troy. The sea peoples destroyed civilization.
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Pylos
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The kingdom of Nestor, located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula.
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tholos Tombs
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Vaulted stone chambers where wealthy nobility buried their dead
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Linear B
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Used by Mycenaeans
used for Economic Accounts
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syllabary
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a group of symbols that stand for whole syllables.
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Megaron
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A rectangular building with a porch on the front and a round hearth in the middle.
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Ahhiyawa
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Hittite Empire's mispronunciation of Achaeans, one of the names Homer would later use for the Greeks
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Sea Peoples
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Invaders who destroyed the Egyptian empire (13th century)
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Philistines
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Well known from the Hebrew Bible from Palestine
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Achaea
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general, collective name for mainland Greece
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wanakes
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Mycenaean kings; divided Greece and used divine rule
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Lerna
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where the water srpent lived
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Assyria
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A major bronze Age state on the upper Tigris River in what is now northern Iraq
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Lefkandi
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Coastal village on the island of Euboea, a site that reveals much about the nature and extent of "kingly" power in Dark Age Greece.
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Euboea
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Island just off central/northern Greece; area where Greece first emerged from the Dark Age.
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Basileus
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The leading man in each community according to Homer's eigth-century BC poetry.
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Protogeometric
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Highly abstract style. "First geometric"
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Olympia
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Wooded, virtually uninhabited back country of the western Peloponnesus, later site of the Olympic games.
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Pithekoussai
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"Monkey island". A little island in the bay of Naples. First western Greek settlement.
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Messenia
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A territory that lies west of Sparta across a high mountain range. After a long struggle, the Spartans annexed Messenia, enslaved its population, and divided its land among themselves.
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Dike
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"justice"
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Hekatompeda
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"hundred foot" temples build on the island of Euboea
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Late Geometric style
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Show humans in battles and at funnerals. After the end of the Bronze Age
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Greek Alphabet
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Greatest cultural innovation.
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The Homeric Question
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who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey
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Friedrich August Wolf
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Believed Homers works were compiled
No single man named Homer who could have been able to recited all of the stories.
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Rhapsode
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Story teller
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Milman Parry
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Idea that homeric poems were composed orally because of repetition in them. He also devised the levels of composition.
1. Formula: Swift-footed Achilles
2. Theme (type-scene)
3. Sequence (multi forms)
4. Tale Type ( Blame, Quarrel, Nostros)
Noticed the patterns
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Dactylic Hexameter
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Each line 6 measures
Each measure has 1 stressed and 2 stressed syllables DUM de de….
How the Iliad was written.
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guslari
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Oral singers who accompany themselves with a gulse (one-stringed instrument that is bowed)
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Aoidoi
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"singers" or "oral poets"
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Heinrich Schliemann
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- historical approach- not interested in art but in reconstructing the history of troy
- hypothesis testing
- plowed through milennia of artifacts and features carelessly
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Shame culture
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a culture in which virtue is defined by one's actions and how they are perceived by one's peers.
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Guilt culture
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a culture in which virtue is defined by one's internal state of being (internal sense of right and wrong)
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time
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"honor, respect" or "value, price"
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geras
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a gift/prize of honor
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plot-point
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An incident that causes the direction of the story to change
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Calypso
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Beautiful goddess-nymph who keeps Odysseus on her island for 7 years. "concealer"
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Phaeacia
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island kingdom ruled by King Alcinous. The Phaeacians are shipbuilders and traders.
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Lotus Eaters
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People who eat the lotus flower, which causes them to lose their desire to do anything; anyone who eats the lotus loses all desire of home.
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Cyclops
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One-eyes giant
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Circe
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"hawk"
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Sirens
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An island whose song, promises knowledge no man can resist
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xenia
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"treatment of a stranger". A costume of treating a stranger of the proper social class with courtesy and food.
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CLAS 1000: ANCIENT GREEK TIMELINE