CLAS 1000: FINAL 3
54 Cards in this Set
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helots
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peasants forced to stay on the land they worked, like the Messenians after the Spartan conquering
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The Spartan Mirage
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a twisted history of Sparta because the historians idolized Sparta and only spoke of the good qualities of the city
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Lycurgus
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Spartan lawgiver of ca. 700 BCE who established the Spartan way of life known as the Good Rule.
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Laconia
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-land area of Greece inhabited by Spartans
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Dorian
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Language spoken by Spartans
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Perioikoi
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dwellers around, very poor, paid tribute, serve army, lived in own villages, could marry.
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Spartiates
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Spartan citizens and families
-men required to be in the military. -Spartiates women were working out and having babies.
-This class was believed to have equality
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Messenia
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A city-state conquered by the Spartans. Messianians revolted against Spartans and they put the rebellion down and this changed the way Sparta thought.
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Council of Elders
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28 old people + 2 kings. Had to be 60+ and retired military. Served for life. Lawmaking body of the Spartans.
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Ephors
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a group of 5 men elected each year responsible for the education of youth and conduct of all citizens
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Assembly
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all Spartiate men over thirty, met outside during the full moon
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Peloponnesian League
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Formed by Sparta and Corinth to resist Athenian power
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Alcmaeonid
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Athenian tribe under the "curse" and was banished from Athens due to Megacles' killing of cylon (632 BC).
Rebuilt the temple at Delphi., Family name of Cleisthenes were outlawed from Athens at one time until the return of Cleistenes who changed governmental form with the invention of dem…
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Solon
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reforms classes based on wealth help increase participation in government
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Archons
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9 elected rulers who served one-year terms in Athens
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Areopagus
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Court in Athens judging Orestes
Apollo defends him and Athena presides, Erinyes claim justice
Athena gives acquittal - a son's duty towards a father outweighs matricide
Ends the curse on the House of Atreus
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The Council of 400
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100 members from the 4 tribes (more interested in benefitting themselves than athens)
initiate legislation
the lower classes (Thetes) were allowed into the (Ecclesia)
created popular courts (adult males could participate. Judged how well office holders did their jobs)
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Pisistratus
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an aristocrat who seized power in 560 B.C.; he remained popular within the merchants because he would take land from nobles and give it to the poor
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Hippias
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Son of Pisastratus, oldest, wielded power
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Hipparchus
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son of Peisistratos and brother of Hippias, who is had a love affair with Harmodius who's older lover Aristogeiton eventually killed Hipparchus
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Harmodius
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love interest of Hipparchus whose lover Aristogeiton has him killed
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Aristogeiton
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- Harmodius' lover
- Plotted assassination for Hippias and Hipparchus
- Kills Hipparchus during Panathenea festival
- Both him and Harmodius is seen as folk heroes associated with the "recovery of liberty"
- Fighters of democracy
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Cleisthenes
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A reformer. He created a council of 500 that supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed laws.
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Council of 500
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A system in which 50 men from each of the tribes across Athens came together to create laws and vote upon them
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Cyrus
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Founder of the Persian Empire.
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Darius
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led 1st Persian war, was emperor
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Satraps
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Governors of provinces in Persia in the ancient times
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Triremes
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Athenian Warships.
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Battle of Marathon
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490BCE
A battle between Athens and Persia where Athens made its final stand. Even thought they were out numbered 10,000 people to 20,000 people, Athens still managed to be victorious losing only 192 people while Persia lost 6,400 people.
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Militiades
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Athenian commanding General at the Battle of Marathon; one of the Athenian strategoi at the time; had a very public downfall in that he suffered a leg wound and was accused of treason
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Xerxes
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Persian monarch after Darius who attacked the Spartans for revenge but lost, despite burning Athens
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Mardonius
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commander of Persian naval expedition in 492 B.C. (which they lost...). He urged Xerxes to invade Greece again. He stayed behind while Xerxes retreated during that next invasion.
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Syracuse
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-peninsula with a great port.
-most successful colony in Sicily, founded from Corinth in 733 BC.
-Arethusa spring in the base of the acropolis.
-tyrants of Syracuse were most powerful on the island of Sicily and directly ruled several lesser cities on the island.
-continued to be the …
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Gela
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small city on coast of Sicily; took over by Hippocrates then taken over by Gelon when Hippocrtes died
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Gelon
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a 5th-century BC tyrant of Gela and Syracuse and first of the Deinomenid rulers.
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Himera
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-on the same day as Salamis
-a decisive defeat of Carthaginian invaders into Sicily
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Thermopylae
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battle by Athenian allies (300 spartans and 7000 other allies) Persians are being slaughtered and then a traitor shows them a secret way (it was never meant to win, just to slow them down)
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Leonidas
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Spartan king during Thermopylae. Led the greeks against Xerxes in 481 BCE.
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Salamis
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Battle fought by the Greeks and the Persians. - after the battle of Thermopylae, the Greeks went to the island of salami because they knew their city was going to be destroyed. The Persians then attacked the remaining Greeks stationed on the island. They fought in the narrow Salami strait…
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Plataea
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The final battle in the 2nd invasion of Greece. The Greeks win because it took place in an open field which was perfect for hoplite warfare. 479 BC
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Mycale
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-at the same time, apparently, as the battle of Plataea, the allied Greek navy sailed to Samos
-Persians fled up the mountians of Mycale where the Greeks had a decided victory and ended the final phase of Persian attacks on Greece
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Hiero
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King of Syracuse
- dismisses the Mamertines who take over Messana
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Common Resolution
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Resolution signed by cities of Sicily after Hiero died and tyrants fell and bloody wars raged between "old" and "new" citizens; old citizens won the right of return and ex-mercenaries won partial citizen rights. In theory, the Sicilian poleis were once again free and equal
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Demagogues
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political speakers who try to inflame feeling without regard to the accuracy or adequacy of their claims in order to promote their own agendas
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Segesta
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Sicilian city that asked Athens for help against Syracuse. This led to the Sicilian expedition and fall of Athens
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Cimon
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an Athenian statesman, strategos, and major political figure in mid-5th century BC Greece, the son of Miltiades, victor of Marathon.
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Ephialtes
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leader of Athens after Cimon, made generally democratic reforms such as changing the function of the Areopagus. Stripped aristocratic members & political power.
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Pericles
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A general who emerged as the most popular leader in the city. Used the league's funds to finance a building campaign to make Athens as physically impressive as it was politically powerful.
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Long Walls
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gave Athens a protected route to the sea = supplies = no siege by Sparta
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Old oligarch
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aristocrat who hated democracy, thought the few should rule. big old snob
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Metics
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Resident Aliens
4th and 5th centuries BCE
Athens
brought in trade, industry and education to Athens. lower social status but could have been ex slaves or very wealthy
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Liturgies
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public service; activities funded by rich
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Corcyra
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city-state that was at war with its mother city, Corinth, over its own expeditionary city. Allied with Athens to help spark the peloponnesian war
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Epidamnus
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Revolt in 431-435
Government overthrow into a democracy
Asks Corcyra for help --> no
Asks Corinth for help --> yes
Turns into Corthin vs. Corcyra ... Corcyra wins
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CLAS 1000: ANCIENT GREEK TIMELINE