PSY 101: CHAPTER 5 TERMS
48 Cards in this Set
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Developmental Psych
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Branch of psych that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. When severe, there will be visible facial misproportions.
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Cognition
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mental activities associated with thinking, remembering and communicating
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Schema
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concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
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Assimilation
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interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.
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Accomodation
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adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new info.
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Piaget's Stages
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Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-6 or 7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational (12+)
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Sensorimotor Stage
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Most important stage of development
Experience world through your senses and actions
Task: object permanence
Age- 0-2 years
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Preoperational Stage
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Represent things with words (symbols) and images using intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
Ego Centered
Theory of mind
Task: Conservation
Age- 2-6 or 7 years
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Concrete Operational Stage
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Thinking logically about concrete (things you can see and touch) events.
Task: Reverse operations
Age- 7-11 years
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Formal Operational Stage
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Abstract Reasoning
Age- 12+
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Object Permanence
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The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
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Conservation
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The principle that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Piaget believed to be part of concrete operational reasoning
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Egocentrism
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Piagets theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.
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Theory of Mind
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People's ideas about their own and others' mental states--about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.
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Stranger Anxiety
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the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.
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Attachment
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An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness of the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
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Critical Period
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an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
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Imprinting
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the process by which certain animal form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
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Basic Trust
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According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
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Primary Sex Characteristics
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The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.
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Secondary Sex Characteristics
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nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts, hips, male voice quality, and body
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Identity
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our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
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Social Identity
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The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.
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Intimacy
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in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescense and early adulthood.
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Emerging Adulthoood
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For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.
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Crystallized Intelligence
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Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; increases with age.
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Fluid Intelligence
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Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreases during late adulthood
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Social Clock
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The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
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Reflexes babies are born with...
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Withdraw from pain
Turn head if covered with cloth
Root for nipple
Tonging, swallowing and breathing
Turn head towards human voices
Like to look at faces
Can smell mom
8. Recognize moms voice
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Erikson Stages (8 stages)
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Oral Sensory (0-12 m)
Anal Muscular (12-3 yrs)
Genital Locomotor (3-6 yrs)
Latency (6-puberty)
Adolescence (12-20s)
Young Adult (20-40s)
Middle Adult (40-60s)
Late Adult (60's +)
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Oral Sensory
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0-12 months
Trust vs mistrust
Develop sense of basic trust
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Anal Muscular
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12-3 yrs
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
do things for themselves vs. doubt abilities
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Genital Locomotor
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3-6 yrs
Initiative vs Guilt
Initiate tasks of feel guilty about efforts to be independent.
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Latency
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6-puberty
industry vs inferiority
Learn pleasure of applying themselves to a task of feel inferior
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Adolescence (Erikson)
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12-20s
Identity vs. Identity confusion
Testing roles, defining self or become confused about who they are
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Young Adults
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20-40s
Intimacy vs Isolation
Form close relationships or be socially isolated
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Middle Adult
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40-60s
Generativity vs Stagnation
Sense of contributing to world or lack of purpose
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Late Adult
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60+
Integrity vs Despair
Sense of satisfaction or failure
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Kohlberg: Moral Development
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Pre-Conventional Morality (9 yrs)
Conventional Morality (adolescence)
Post Conventional Morality
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Pre Conventional Morality
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9 years old
Focuses on self interest
Obey rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards
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Conventional Morality
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Adolescence
Caring for others
Upholding laws and social rules because they are the laws and social rules
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Post Conventional Morality
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Judge what is "right" based on own ethical principles.
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Parenting Styles
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Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
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Authoritarian
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Imposes rules and expect obedience. Fewer social skills and self esteem.
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Permissive
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Submit to childs every desire, few demans, children more aggressive and immature
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Authoritative
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Both demanding and responsive. Children seem more balanced.
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Criticisms of Stage Theories
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Piagets emphasis was less on age and more on sequences.
Human cognition unfolds basically in sequence Piaget describes.
Researchers now see development as more continuous.
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PSY 101: CHAPTER 5 TERMS