66 Cards in this Set
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Communication
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The process whereby humans collectively create and regulate social reality
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Communication Competence
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The ability to communicate in a personally effective and socially appropriate manner
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Per-formative Competence
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Surface Level:
Performance of behaviors that can be seen
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Process Competence
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Everything we have to know to perform
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Culture
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The set of values, beliefs, customs, and codes that bind people together
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Meta-communication
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Communication about communication
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Intrapersonal
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Talking to ourselves
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Interpersonal
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Communication between two people
Dyadic
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Small Group
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As soon as a third person joins the conversation
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Organizational
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Strongly defined hierarchy
Roles are more specialized
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Face-to-face Public Communication
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Single speaker addresses large group of people
Most formal type of communication
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Development Approach
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Gerald Miller and Mark Steinberg
Interpersonal communication only achieved when people are at psychological level of analysis
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Cultural Level
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General information that applies to all members
Example: Sex or age
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Sociological Level
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Membership and groups people belong in
Example: Religious groups, sports teams
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Psychological Level
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Based on unique, personal attributes
Example: Hopes and fears, what's going on in person's mind
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Natural Language Label
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Words used to describe a relationship
Ex: Friend, lover, acquaintance
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Criteria Attributes
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Characteristics a relationship must have to be classed by given label
Ex: Trust, comfort, respect
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Communicative Indicators
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Behaviors that display an attribute
Ex: keeping a secret, giving honest feedback
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Content Messages
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Message about the topic at hand
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Relational Messages
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Message about relationship itself
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Interpersonal Communication Myths
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Solves problems
Always a good thing
It's common sense
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Situational Approach
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Defines interpersonal in terms of its external characteristics
- Number of people
- Physical proximity
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Nonverbal Communication
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Must ha e some degree of intentionality and consciousness
60-93% of communication
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Spontaneous Communication
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Sender's non-voluntary display of inner emotional states
Natural gestures
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Symbolic Communication
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Use of symbols to convey specific messages
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Dimensions of Feeling
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Liking
Status
Responsiveness
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Verbal Messages
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Completing
Accenting
Repeating
Substituting
Contradicting
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Proxemics
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Use of space
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Territoriality
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Public
Interactional
Home
Body
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Kinesics
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Body movement
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Emblems
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Gestures that can stand on their own
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Illustrators
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Add to verbal message but can't stand alone
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Affect Displays
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Emotions
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Regulators
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Starting, continuing, or ending conversation
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Adaptors
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Used to manage anxiety
Ex: Chew on lip, play with hair, tap desk
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Artifacts
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Physical Appearance
-Clothing
-Facial Features
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Vocalics
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Things you do with your voice that is not talking
- Qualities
- Characteristics
- Segregates
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Chronemics
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Use of time
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Olfactics
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Smell
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Haptics
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Touch
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Expectancy Violations Theory
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Compensation: adjusting back to previous level
Reciprocating: do what they do
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Analogic Codes
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Indicate meaning by being similar to what they convey
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Digital Codes
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Meaning is conveyed symbolically
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Semantic Meaning
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Morpheme: linguistic unit of meaning
Denotative meaning: Dictionary meaning
Connotative meaning: Emotionally charged meaning
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Syntactic Meaning
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Words are combined and ordered into grammatical sequences
Word order
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Pragmatic Meaning
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Language used in actual interaction
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Speech Acts
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Things we intend language to do for us
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Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM)
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Constitutive: How to recognize speech acts
Regulative rules: appropriate and inappropriate speech acts
Episodes: set of acts that fit together naturally
Life Script: your sense of self
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Linguistic Determinism
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Language determines the way we interpret the world
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Linguistic Relativity
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Speakers of different languages will experience the world differently
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Cooperative Communication
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Brief
Honest
Relevant
Clear
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Female Register
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Qualifiers: kind of, maybe
Tag endings: right? okay?
Dusclaimers: I might be wrong...
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Approximeeting
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Avoiding scheduling specific appointments but instead to rely on cell phone communication to make and revise plans
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Process Perspective
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Becoming aware of what's going on when you communicate
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Implicit Knowledge
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Knowledge that we don't have to think about
Use unconsciously
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Minimal Competence
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Lowest level of role competence
Act out roles in traditional ways
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Satisfactory Competence
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Middle level of role competence
Change some role behavior but are not able to work out problems by creating new roles
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Optimal Competence
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Highest level of role competence
People know when to adapt to social roles and when not to
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Realtionshipping
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The process of building and maintaining healthy relationships
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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There is a relationship between language, thought, and action
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Nonperson
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Someone who is not treated as a real person
Able to violate personal space without appearing threatening
Ex: Restaurant server, hairdresser
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Equivocal Communication
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Messages that are ambiguous, uncertain, and open to more than one interpretation
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Looking vs. Seeing
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Looking: Gazing in the general direction of another person's eyes, eye contact
Seeing: Visual contact with the whole person, not just eyes or face
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Elaborated Code
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Middle class speakers
Convey information
Meanings are coded into words
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Restricted Code
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Working class speakers
Used to create social solidarity
Assumes listeners will pick up information from context
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Muted-group Theorists
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Subordinate groups are often silenced
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COM 225: EXAM 1