Anthro 102 1st Edition Lecture 8Previous LectureI. Medical AnthropologyII. Notable Medical AnthropologistIII. EthnomedicineIV. Sociocultural PerspectiveV. Biological PerspectiveVI. Bicultural ApproachI. What is identity?a. Identity= your learned sense of self that occurs within a cultural/historical contextb. Your identity is relational; that is, it is created in relation to other individuals and groupsII. Enthnopsychologya. Enthnopsychology- the study of how different cultures shape personality, identity and mental well beingb. History: 1930s development of culture and personality schooli. How child-rearing practices affect personalityii. Developing national personality profilesIII. Personality and Child Rearinga. Vast differences in male and female roles and personalities cross-culturallyb. Mead 1930s Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societiesc. Nurture more important than nature in shaping gender rolesd. Mead’s Focus: enculturationi. Social Processii. How child adopt ways of thinking, behaving, feeling considered appropriatee. Also argued that stressful adolescence in Western Industrial societies neither universal nor inevitableIV. Class and Personalitya. Does poverty shape personality?b. If so, how?c. Foster’s (1965) notion of “limited good”i. Belief in finite resourcesii. Personality traits: jealousness, suspiciousnessd. Lewis’s (1966) ideal of a “culture of poverty”i. Personality traits: lack of future time-orientation and sexually promiscuouse. Foster and Lewis’s work on culture and poverty now seen as enthnocentric (by your owncultures standardsf. Not culturally relativistic in analysisg. New trend: Person-centered ethnographyi. Individual psychologyii. Subjective experienceV. The Life CycleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Western life cycle based on biological features: birth, ability to walk, puberty, becoming parentb. However: much cross-cultural variation in how stages unfoldc. Life cycle stages as cultural constructions rather than biological factsVI. The Life Cycle: Birtha. What is the general “birthing context” in the US?b. Do you think it encourages or discourages bonding with the new baby?c. Contrast birthing experience in USC with experience of Mayan women in Mexicod. At birth, why don’t women in a Brazilian shanty-town “bond” with their new borns?- weren’t sure if children would surviveVII. The Life Cycle: Gender and Infancya. Are you born with your gender identity intact?b. What is the difference between your gender and your sex?c. Sex=biological marker: genitals, hormones, and chromosomesd. Gender= learned behaviors and beliefs associated with maleness and femalenesse. Much of infant’s gender identity learned and shaped unconsciouslyf. Do you think adults interact with babies differently according to the gender of the baby?g. How do we “mark” the gender of babies in the US?VIII. Conclusiona. General point: Culture hekps shape identity and personality through enculturation and socializationb. That is, how we think, behave and feel about ourselves, others and world around us if filtered through a cultural