Anthro 102 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline f Current LectureI. Kinds of Social ControlII. Social Control in Small-Scale SocietiesCurrent LectureIII. Social Control in State-level societiesI. Globalizationa. Modern World Systemb. Modes of Production (defined)c. Historical Overview of Mapi. Foraging ii. Horticulture iii. Pastoralismiv. Agricultured. Industrialization II. Modern World System: 3 Major Areasa. Global trade has created global division of labor where countries compete for share of wealthb. Result- 3 tiered global economically systemi. Cores- productive economically (dominant)ii. Peripheries- low income countries (third world)iii. Semi peripheries- industrilizaing countries (in between)c. Cores- i. Dominate most profitable activities1. High-tech service2. Manufacturing3. Financial Servicesii. Have strongest governments1. Major role in affairs of other countriesd. Peripheriesi. Countries with least productive activities1. Production of raw materials2. Food stuffs3. Labor-intensive goodsii. Important high-tech goods and services from other areasThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Usually have weak governments and under influence of core country government and policiese. Semi peripheries i. In terms of Wealth and power, usually somewhere between cores and peripheriesii. Includes countries that are considered second tier, or semi-developed1. Ex: Brazil and South AfricaIII. Modes of Productiona. MOP- dominant way of providing for peoples material needsi. How people secure/gather foodii. What kind of jobs/employment people hold1. Division of Laboriii. Ideas of Propertyb. Foragingi. Reliance on foods gathered in nature1. Hunting, fishing, gatheringii. Oldest economic system, dating back 100,000 yearsiii. Predominant map for more than 90% of human existencec. Foraging- Labor and Propertyi. Some sexual division of labor1. Hunting-Men2. Gathering-Womanii. Nations of individual ownership of property not common1. Social a scribes access to resources2. Access willingly shared3. Use rights invested in groups rather than individualsiii. Horticulture1. Reliance on domestication of animals and plants2. Began around 14,000 years ago in Africa, China and Middle East3. Emphasis on cultivation of food crops, BUT also supplemented by foragingd. Horticulture-labor and propertyi. More clearly defined labor roles according to gender1. Clearing of land-Men2. Planting/tending crops- Womenii. NO concepts of private property1. But rights of use more clearly defined than Foreign groups2. Working land=claim on land and resources with surplus, possibilityof inequality arisese. Pastoralismi. Based on domestication of animal herds and heavy reliance on their products (50% or more of diet)1. Trade link with settled groupsii. Practiced in areas of low rainfall1. Preoccupation with finding fresh pastureiii. Use of limited variety of animals: sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camelsf. Pastoralism- labor and propertyi. Gendered labor differentiation1. Herding activities-Men2. Processing of Products- Womenii. Defined sense of property: animals and housing1. But no sense of private rights to land or travel