Anth102 1nd Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Changes in DevelopmentII. How did they do it?III. Could they speak?IV. Could they understand it?V. Movement to the New worldVI. Changes in DevelopmentVII. City/State CyclesVIII. RecapOutline of Current Lecture Social StratificationI. Social Stratificationa. Ascribed and achieved statusb. Social classc. Raced. Unequal relationships b/w groups of peoplei. Wealthii. Educationiii. Poweriv. Material Resourcese. Develop with advent of agriculturef. Some Factoids:i. The wealthiest one percent of American households own 40 percent of the nations wealth (federal reserve 1989)ii. A child’s success in life mostly determined by social status, not intelligence (1979Carnegie Study)iii. Between 1979 and 1994 the number of children living below the poverty line increased from 3.5 to 6.1 million (National Center for Children in Poverty)iv. The gap between rich and poor in the USC is greater than at any point in the last 75 years (Wolff 1995)v. When the titanic sunk in 1912, 60 percent of the first class survived 40 percent of the second, and 25 percent of the third1. What are some hypotheses as to why that was the case?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Ascribed and Achieved Statusa. Ascribed status- those qualities you were born with or intoi. Raceii. Genderiii. Physical Abilityb. Achieved Status-those qualities you gained through actioni. Professional Titlesii. Educational Titlesiii. Social ClassIII. Status Groupsa. Status=position or standing in society and a function of how people categorize one another in societyb. Each status has an expected behavior (role) associated with itc. Where status position are marked different status groups have different qualities attributed to themd. Is it possible to be wealthy and have low status? Poor and high status?e. Status group recognizable by particular lifestyle:i. Goods ownedii. Leisure activitiesiii. Linguistic stylesf. Group position may be maintained thru exclusionary practicesi. In-group marriage (endogamy)ii. In-group socializing IV. Social Groupsa. A group beyond the domestic unit who are related on basis other than kinshipb. Primary Group- people who interact with each other and know one another personallyc. Secondary group- people who identify with one another but may never meetd. Age set- a group of people close in age who go through certain rituals together e. Greeksi. Fraternities/sororities- define membership on a sense of shared identity and objectivesii. Highly selective and serve explicit functions such as entertainment and social serviceiii. Form bonds that can help secure employment post-graduationV. Social Classa. A person’s position in society in economic terms b. In industrialized nations, idea of meritocratic individualismc. In the US if you try hard to be successful, will you succeed? Is success just a matter of how hard you try?d. Can you tell someone’s social class by looking at them?VI. Race, Ethnicity, and Castea. Systems based on difference share four features:i. They give whole segments of the population certain entitlementsii. Those with many entitlements dominate those with few entitlementsiii. Members of the dominant group work to keep their entitlementsiv. Instances of subversion do occur among the powerlessb. Racei. Race=a construct that holds that people can be classified according to selected biological traits such as skin color and facial featuresii. Racial stratification results from tow or more formerly separate groups coming together thru colonization, slavery and other large group movementsiii. Racialized thinking insists that behavioral differences among people are biologically caused, in born, and “natural”iv. What are some examples of Racialized thinking?v. Historically, Western racial categorization have held that head size and shape and brain size for behavioral differences in peoplevi. Race- not a biological realityvii. Humans cannot be divided in races on the basis of biological featuresviii. However, “social race” does exist and contribute to social stratification ix. Key features of racial thinking: behavioral difference among people are 1. “Natural”2. Inborn3. Biologically causedx. Belief that features as head size, head shape and brain size explain behavioral