Anth 102 Edition 1Exam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 5Lecture 1 (August 26)Anthropology is the study of human culture. There are 4 fields of anthropology. Linguistic is the study of language or communication in a social/culture context. EX: communication and social status relation. Biological is primary concerned with human origin (evolution). (Why variation, certain hair and eye color). Archeology is study of material culture (altered by humans) and past. Cultural is human culture very broad-religion, health, social and globalization. Lecture 2 (August 28)History of Anthropology – Charles Darwi, Morgan, Tyler and FraiserTerms: Functionalism, Holism, Emic and Edic Perspective, Macro, Micro, Explicit Culture, Tacit Culture, Proximes, Globalization, Hierarchy Lecture 3(September 4)4 Methods of Anthropology- Conducting Fieldwork, fieldwork techniques, analyzing data, sensitive issues in fieldwork. What to study? Prep? Culture Shock. Field Dynamics. Multisited Research. Field Work Techniques.Lecture 4 (September 9)Religion-defining religion, beliefs, practice. People-Edward Tylor, James Frazer, Victor Turner, Emilie Durkheim, Clifford Geertz.SacrifceMagic- Imitative magic, belief of proper performanceLecture 5 (September 16)Linguistic Anthropology, Communication, Language, Symbols, Worldview, Pidgins, Bilingualism.DefinitionsFour fields of anthropology- 1. Linguistic 2. Biological 3. Archeology 4. CulturalCulture- people’s learned and shared behaviors and beliefsCultural relativism-the perspective that each culture must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that culture s and not judged by the standards of another cultureEthnocentrism- judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture rather than by the standard of that particular causeEthnography- a firsthand, detailed description of a living culture based on personal observationHistorical particularism- explains own culture talking about and describing historyMacroculture- larger category for understanding culture (US-what is particular about US’s culture?)Microculture- more specific culture (china town)Functionalism- the theory that a culture is similar to a biological organism, in which partswork to support the operation and maintenance of the wholeArmchair anthropology- discussed about relaying on material from administration, ministrionaries on places, never been tooFieldwork- research in the field, which is any place where people and culture are foundEtic- an analytical framework used by outside analysts in studying cultureEmic-insiders perceptions and categories and their explanations for why they do what they doDeductive approach- a research method that involves posing a research question or hypothesis, gathering data related to the question and then assessing the findings in relation to the original hypothesesInductive approach- a research approach that avoids hypothesis formation in advance of the research and instead takes its lead from the culture being studiedCulture shock- persistent feelings of uneasiness, loneliness, and anxiety that often occur when a person has shifted from one culture to a different oneQualitative method- non-numeric informationQuantitative method- numeric informationImitative magic- based on imitation or correspondence.Animatism- a belief system in which the supernatural is conceived of as an impersonal powerPolytheism- the belief in or worship of more than one godMonotheism- belief that there is only one godMyth- a narrative with a plot that involves super naturals Doctrine- direct and formalized statements about religious beliefsZoomorphic- having or representing animal forms or gods of animal formMagic- attempt to compel supernatural forces and beings to act in certain waysAnthropomorphic- having human characteristics Pantheon- all gods of a people or religion collectivelyAncestor veneration- belief that the dead have a continued existences and/or possess the ability to influence the fortune of the livingRitual- patterned behavior that has to do with the supernaturalWorldview- a particular conception of the worldCargo cult- a form of revitalization movement that emerged in Melanesia in response to Western and Japanese influencesOracle- a priest of priestess acting as a medium through whom advice or prophecy was sought from the gods in classical antiquityThe First Storytellers (film)Rites of passage- is a ritual event that marks a persons transition from one status to anotherShaman- a male and female healer, respectively, whose healing methods rely on communication with the spirit world?Priest/priestess- a male or female full-time religious specialist who position is based mainly on abilities gained through formal trainingReligious pluralism- the condition in which one or more religions coexist either as complementary to each other or as competing systemsWorld religions- a term coined in the nineteenth century to refer to a religion that is based on written sources, has many followers, is regionally widespread, and is concerned with salvationSyncretism- amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thoughtsProselytizing religions- convert or attempt to convert from one religion, belief or opinion to anotherHe Said, She Said (film_Communication- the process of sending and receiving meaningful messagesLanguage- a form of communication that is based on a systematic set of learned symbolsand signs shared among a group and passed on from generation to generationLinguistic anthropology- the study of human communication, including’s its origins, history and contemporary variation and changeDialect- a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific religionPidgin- a contact language that blends elements of at least two languages and that emerges when people with different languages need to communicateCreole- a language directly descended from a pidgin but possessing its own native speakers and involving linguistic expansion and elaborationCode switching- switching between two or more language in a single conversationSapir-Whorf hypothesis- a perspective in linguistic anthropology, which says that language, determines thoughtDiscourse- culturally patterned verbal language including varieties of speech, participation and meaningTag questions- a question placed at the end of a sentence seeking affirmationObserver’s paradox- observation of an event or experiment is influenced by the presenceof the observer/investigatorSociolinguistics- a