ANTH 102 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Previous Lecture:I. GlobalizationII. Modern World System III. Modes of ProductionPublic Anthropology- October 14th-30th- Campaign focuses ono Critical thinking regarding ethical issueo Sharing ideas among students at different universitieso Practice improving writing skillso Active citizenship-a sense that students working together can facilitate change- Four Steps to process:o Read background material to gain idea of issueo Take a stand on the issue and develop an argumento Prepare your op-ed (or opinion) piece; study criteria you’ll be assessed on firsto Write op-ed in a word processing origan and cut and paste it into the space provided in the website- To Registero www.publicanthropology.netI. Medical Anthropologya. Study of the human experience with disease (and healing systems) in cross-cultural perspectiveb. Bio cultural perspective important to avoid reductionist views of diseasec. Political economy is a primary epidemiological factord. Ethnography important tool for understanding human suffering due to diseaseII. Notable Medical Anthropologista. George Foster “father of Anthro”i. Medical Anthropologyb. Nancy Shepter-Hughesi. Death without weepingc. Paul Farmeri. Aids and Accusation: Haiti and the Geography of Blamed. Margaret Locki. Knowledge, Power, and Practice: The Anthropology of Medicine and Everyday LifeIII. Ethno medicinea. Health systems that exist in different culturesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Includes everything from perception and classification of illness to diagnosis and prevention to healingc. Also includes Anthropology of the body and focus on globalization and healthd. Origins: 1960’s referred to non-Western medical systems, usually thought of as “folk” or “popular” medicinee. Problems with usage of termi. Generalizing application of termii. Ethnocentric1. Is Western medicine “ethno medicine”IV. Sociocultural Perspectivea. Social organization of health/illness in society (health care system)b. Recognition of illness, presentation of illness to others and how illness dealt withc. Focus on selection, training, concepts, values of “healers”V. Biological Perspective a. Draws on techniques/findings of medical science: microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, parasitology, pathology, nutrition, epidemiologyb. Linking of biological conditions to sociocultural factorsVI. Bicultural Approacha. Bringing biology and culture togetheri. Case study: hereditary disease transmitted by recessive gene occurring with higher frequency in a group due to endogamous practicesii. What kind of perspectives needed to understand the problem?1. Clinical medicine-identify clinical manifestation of disease2. Pathology- confirm the disease at the cellular/biochemical levelb. Genetics- to identify and predict the hereditary basis of the disease and links to recessive genec. Epidemiology- to show incidence in given populationd. Cultural Anthropology- explain marriage patterns and to identify who may marry whome. Medical anthropology as a sub discipline that solves problems using anthropological and biological sciencesVII. Thinking about the Bodya. Cross-cultural variation in definitions of the body and relationship to illness and healingb. In Euro-American scientific popular and scientific thought=division of mind and bodyc. However, where this dichotomy does not exist usually don’t find category of “mental illness” VIII. Disease and Illnessa. Disease= a biological pathology that is objective and universal (etic-outside)b. Illness= culturally specific understandings and experiences of health problems and other forms of suffering (emic-individual)c. Disease is filtered through a cultural framework whereby it becomes illnessIX. Structural Suffering/Violencea. Broader social, economic, and political forces that cause suffering: war, famine, forced deportation, povertyb. Affect health in different ways, from depression to deathc. Western disease classifications do no account for structural sufferingX. Culture-Bound Syndromesa. A collection of signs/symptoms that occur in a particular culture or small number of culturesb. Usually caused by psychosocial experiences such as stress or shock; no apparent biological causei. Sustiii. American PhobiasXI. Theoretical Approaches in Medical Anthropologya. Ecological/Epidemiological Approachi. Looks at interaction b/w natural environment and culture that can cause health problemsii. Documents casual link b/w environmental context and health problemsiii. Approach tends to be quantitative and etic, but utilizes qualitative/emic approach as welliv. What are some examples of this approach?1. Mortalities, statistics in certain areas2.b. Interpretevist Approachi. Health systems as systems of meaningii. Focus on the labeling, description and experience of illness and how healing interventions offer meaningful response to individual and collective distressc. Critical Medical Anthropologyi. Analysis of how economic and political structures shape health status and accessto health careii. Illustrates how these structures create and perpetuate social inequality in healthstatus iii. Illness as result of structural positioning in society rather than something