HNF 462 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last LectureI. HypocalcemiaII. HypercalcemiaIII. Intracellular Calcium RegulationIV. Neuron SignalingV. Food Components that Affect Calcium BalanceVI. Phosphorus as a Building BlockVII. DigestionVIII. AbsorptionIX. Transport in BloodX. ExcretionXI. Regulation of PhosphorusXII. MagnesiumXIII. Transport and Excretion of MagnesiumXIV. Concentration of MagnesiumXV. Regulation of MagnesiumXVI. Magnesium and PTHOutline of Current LectureI. Sodiuma. Sources b. Intestinal Absorptionc. BioavailabilityII. Potassiuma. Sourcesb. Intestinal and Cellular Absorptionc. BioavailabilityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Chloridea. Sourcesb. Intestinal Absorptionc. Bioavailability IV. Transport, Storage, and Excretiona. Sodiumb. Potassiumc. ChlorideV. Balancing Electrolytesa. ControlCurrent Lecture: Water and Electrolytes Pt 11. Sodiuma. Sourcesi. Major source is NaCl from diet b. Intestinal Absorptioni. Transporter that co-transports sodium and glucose—throughout small intestineii. Transporter that co-transports sodium and chloride; Na/Cl in-H and HCO3—through small intestine and proximal coloniii. Electrogenic sodium absorption—throughout the colonc. Bioavailabilityi. ~95-100%ii. In Na/Glucose co-transport, enhancers are: glucose, amino acids, di/tripeptides, B vitamins2. Potassiuma. Sourcesi. Widespread; high in unprocessed foods: fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seedsb. Intestinal and Cellular Absorptioni. Intestinal1. Passive diffusion2. K/H-ATPaseii. Cellular1. Active Transport2. Na/K-ATPasec. Bioavailabilityi. >85% of dietary K absorbed3. Chloridea. Sourcesi. NaCl from dietb. Intestinal Absorptioni. Follows Na through Na/Cl co-transporter ii. Passive paracellular diffusionc. Bioavailability i. ~100%4. Transport, Storage, and Excretiona. Sodiumi. Transport1. Unbound (ionized) formii. Storage1. ~1/3 of sodium is deposited into the boneiii. Excretion1. Mainly maintained by excretion via kidney2. Urine and sweat3. Aldosterone increases Na retentionb. Potassiumi. Transport1. Free (ionized) formii. Storage1. Major intracellular cation2. Hormonally regulated by insulin and catecholamines (group of hormones related to adrenaline)iii. Excretion1. Urine2. Aldosterone increases K excretionc. Chloridei. Transport1. Free (ionized) formii. Storage1. Not stored in the bodyiii. Excretion1. GI tract (production of HCl in the stomach)2. Skin3. Urine5. Balancing Electrolytesa. Sodium: high extracellular concentrationb. Potassium: high intracellular concentrationc. Chloride: high extracellular concentrationd. Plasma and interstitial fluid molar values are very similar for a single electrolyte, but plasma (outside) and cell water (inside) values are very differente. Molar equivalent for divalent ions = 2 x actual molar valuef. Controli. There are a number of transporters responsible for the import/export of ions and the maintaining of concentrations inside and outside the
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