HNF 462 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Definition of VitaminsII. Discovery and ChemistryIII. BiosynthesisIV. Food SourcesV. Absorption, Transport, and Tissue DistributionVI. Function in the Synthesis of Collage, Carnitine, etc.Outline of Current Lecture I. Antioxidant ActivityII. Functions in Health and Diseasesa. Cancerb. Coldc. CVDIII. Excretiona. Formation of kidney stonesIV. RDAV. Measurementsa. Physical Methodb. Chemical MethodCurrent Lecture: 1. Antioxidant Activitya. Reducing agent = electron donor: reverses oxidationi. Donate electrons and hydrogen ions to free radicals (molecules with an unpaired electron)b. Radicals attack healthy cells, so it is important to reduce themc. Regenerate other antioxidants (GSH and Vitamin E)d. NOTE: Pro-oxidant activity of vitamin C is very rare because free iron and copper are in low amounts in the bodyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Functions in Health and Diseasesa. Cancer: Some studies show that increased vitamin C intake will decrease the risks forcertain cancersb. Common Cold: Colds are often caused by viruses, and some studies show that vitamin C optimizes immune function. But this evidence is inconclusive because all people are differentc. Cardiovascular Disease: macrophages engulf LDL molecules and absorb their fat to create plaque in the hearti. Vitamin C prevents LDL oxidation (oxidized LDL is much more efficiently absorbed by macrophages)3. Excretiona. Vitamin C is reabsorbed by the kidney via active transport. This occurs until the kidney is saturated and can no longer absorb any more. b. Excess vitamin C is excreted intact or in various oxidized metabolites in the urinec. Kidney Stones: Oxalic acid (oxidized form of vitamin C) is not soluble in water and canform kidney stones. Thought that too much vitamin C can increase chance of kidney stones because of this.4. RDAa. Adult Men: 90 mg/dayb. Adult women: 75 mg/dayc. Pregnant women: 100 mg/dayd. Lactating women: 120 mg/daye. Smokers: add 35 mg/day to dosagef. Toxicity can cause diarrhea and kidney stones5. Measurementsa. Blood concentration reflects recent intakeb. Physical method of measurementc. Chemical method of
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