HNF 462 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last LectureI. Electrolyte ImbalanceII. Neurotransmitter SynthesisIII. Serotonin and Melatonina. Functionsb. SynthesisIV. Catecholaminesa. Functionsb. SynthesisV. Histamine SynthesisVI. Neurotransmitter Synthesis- Vitamin Dependence SummaryVII. Acetylcholine (ACh)a. Functionb. SynthesisVIII. Myelina. Formationb. SynthesisIX. Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)Outline of Current LectureI. Vitamins/Minerals Needed for Exercise and Sports PerformanceII. ExerciseIII. Ergogenic PotentialIV. Vitamin DV. MagnesiumVI. IronVII. Fluid and ElectrolytesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VIII. ACSM GuidelinesIX. HyponatremiaCurrent Lecture: Exercise1. Vitamins/Minerals Needed for Exercise and Sports Performancea. Energy Production: B vitaminsb. Muscle Contraction: sodium, calcium, and iron (in myoglobin)c. Oxygen Transport: iron (in hemoglobin)d. Formation of Neurotransmitters and Hormones: Vitamins C, B6, B12e. Prevention of Oxidative Damage Associated with Exercisef. Fluid Balance: sodium, chloride, and potassium are involved with water movementg. Immune Regulationh. Development of Bone Tissue (Long Term): calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D2. Exercisea. Enhanced movement of substrates into pathways will stress metabolic pathwaysb. Increased vitamin and mineral requirementsc. Foods with high density of micronutrients3. Ergogenic Potentiala. The ability to enhance endurance, stamina, or recoveryb. Studies do not show a positive correlation between supplementation and sports performance4. Vitamin Da. Vitamin D supplementation benefits older athletesb. Recommended supplementation for athletes who train indoorsc. Acute calcium supplementation doesn’t enhance performance (applies to other vitamins and minerals)5. Magnesiuma. Increased Mg requirement with strenuous exercise b. Mg is lost in sweatc. Mg supplementation doesn’t enhance performance for Mg-adequate athletes6. Irona. Important functions in energy metabolism include: hemoglobin/myoglobin, cytochromes in ETC, and enzymesb. Exercise is associated with iron loss (females are at a greater risk) through:i. Hematuria: presence of blood in urine—can be triggered by strenuous exerciseii. Sweatingiii. GI bleedingiv. Iron loss can be contributed to decreased half life of RBCs because RBCs are binding and releasing oxygen in muscle at a much faster rate than in an inactive person7. Fluid and Electrolytesa. Fluid replacement very important for prolonged exercise, especially in warm weatherb. Electrolyte replacement (especially sodium) is very importantc. Sports drinks (carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions) recommended8. ACSM Guidelinesa. Before training, start in a state of hydration and normal electrolyte levelsb. During training, prevent dehydrationc. After training, replace deficit9. Hyponatremiaa. Sodium level in blood is low (<135 mmol/L)b. Common cause is drinking too much water during endurance sportsc. Symptoms: causes water movement into cells, so cells will swell; altered neuromuscular
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