HNF 462 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last LectureI. Trace MineralsII. CofactorsIII. Interlinked to Biochemistry and BehaviorIV. Electron Transport ChainV. Zinc DeficiencyVI. Iron Food SourcesVII. Zinc Food SourcesVIII. Copper Food SourcesIX. Iron Absorptiona. Heme Ironb. Non-heme Ironc. Hemochromatosis Outline of Current LectureI. Zinc AbsorptionII. AcrodermatitisIII. Copper AbsorptionIV. Wilson’s DiseaseV. Iron Homeostasis and ManagementVI. Iron Deficiency and AssessmentVII. Iron RecommendationsVIII. Zinc ManagementIX. Zinc Deficiency and AssessmentCurrent Lecture: Iron, Zinc and Copper Pt 21. Zinc AbsorptionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Zinc is transported into intestinal cell by ZIP4b. Metallothionein binds/stores protein in intestinal cellc. Zinc transported out of cell by ZnT transporterd. Zinc binds to albumin in the blood2. Acrodermatitisa. Result of mutation of ZIP4, which causes low absorption rates of zincb. Zinc deficiency3. Copper Absorptiona. Ctr1 transports copper into enterocyteb. ATP7A stores copper in cellc. Ferroportin transports copper out of cell into bloodd. Copper binds to ceruloplasmin in the blood4. Wilson’s Diseasea. Caused by a genetic mutation that prevents the liver from secreting copper into bile or from secreting ceruloplasmin into blood.b. Copper accumulates in the liverc. Characterized by low ceruloplasmin levels, but elevated levels of copper in the tissues because copper cannot be transportedd. Dietary copper is transported to the liver by transferrin or albumin5. Iron Homeostasis and Managementa. Iron is recycled in the bodyb. Iron is always attached to a chaperone protein because cannot have free iron in the body (in the blood is bound to transferrin)c. Transferrin carries iron to cell, binds to transferrin receptor, and is transported into the cell via endocytosis (delivery system of iron); once in the cell iron is used for energy production or is stored in ferritin6. Iron Deficiency and Assessmenta. Deficiencyi. Without anemiaii. With anemia: severe depletion of iron stores (including depletion of iron in blood marrow); RBCs depleted of iron and contain very little hemoglobinb. Assessmenti. Measure serum ferritin and transferrin levels: ferritin is reduced and transferrin is increased7. Iron Recommendationsa. Men: 8 mg/dayb. Women 18 mg/dayc. Iron deficiency is a problem for women8. Zinc Management a. Very complexb. Zinc controls DNA/RNA replication, protein function, and enzymatic activity: complexmineral needs complex management9. Zinc Deficiency and Assessmenta. Deficiency first discovered in Egyptb. Zinc deficiency associated with birth defects and problems with normal growthc. No ways to assess zinc
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