ANTH 101 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I Announcements II Social Ranks III Social Organization IV Civilization V Hydraulic Theory of State Formation VI Carneiro s Conflict Theory Outline of Current Lecture II Linguistic Anthropology III Language IV Origin of Language V Hockett s 6 Main Design Features of Human Language VI Vocabulary Current Lecture II Linguistic Anthropology A the specialty of anthropology concerned with the study of human languages III Language A the system of arbitrary symbols people use to encode their experience of the world and others B share experiences concerns and beliefs C passed them down to next generation D primary means of communication E transmitted through leaning as part of enculturation F unique to humans tongue allows movement larynx which primates do not have IV Origin of Language A early Hominins used gestures to communicate V Hockett s 6 Main Design Features of Human Language 1 Openness indicates that human language is productive 2 Displacement our human ability to talk about absent or nonexistent objects and past or future events These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 3 Arbitrariness there is no universal necessary link between particular linguistic sounds and particular linguistic means 4 Duality of Patterning human language is patterned on 2 different levels sound menaing 5 Semanticity the association of linguistic signals with aspects of the social cultural and physical world of a speech community 6 Prevarication linguistic messages that can be false VI Vocabulary A Gesture consists of body motions that convey messages B Call consists of extralinguistic noises C Kinesics system of notating and analyzing postures facial expressions and body motions that convey messages D Signals a sound or gesture that has a natural meaning E The Sapir Whorf Hypothesis a language is not simply an encoding process but rather a shaping force F Socialization Enculturation how we learn language G Linguistic Competence when one masters adult grammar H Communicative Competence refers to the mastery of adult rules for socially and culturally appropriate speech I Phonetics the study of the production transmission and reception of speech sounds J Phonology study of sounds of language K Phonemes the smallest classes of sound that make a difference in meaning L Language Family languages descended from a single ancestral language M Historical Languages studies histories and relationships between languages N Pidgin language with no native speakers that develops in a single generation
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