ANTH 101 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Video 1 Survey of Primates Review II Oligocene III Class Discussion Question IV Miocene V Proconsul VI Hominin Outline of Current Lecture II Announcements III Bipedalism IV Australopithecus V The Homo Genus VI Tools and Evolution Current Lecture III Bipedalism walking on two feet instead of four A Origin of Bipedalism radiator hypothesis walking upright exposes less of the body to the sun thereby keeping it cooler adaption to the new savannah environment savannah hypothesis see predators exploit different food in new environment carry food babies keeps body cooler more energy efficient for long distance travel endurance hypothesis walking upright is more energy efficient providing greater stamina and allowing bipeds to walk longer distances aquatic ape hypothesis chimps share certain traits with aquatic mammals and evolved in a wet environment like a swamp gives an environmental reason to adopt bipedalism lack of body hair layer of transdermal fat salty tears IV Australopithecus A Five species of Australopithecus These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Anamensis Afarensis Africanus Robustus Boisei B Anamensis 4 2 to 3 9 million years ago found in Turkana Kenya probably walked upright C Afarensis 3 to 2 5 million years ago walked upright human like large round skull and face ape like arm length D Boisei 2 2 to 1 3 million years ago largest teeth of an hominid extremely broad short face relatively small brain skull and teeth adapted V The Homo Genus A Homo trends increase in brain size increasingly elaborate tool making increasing emphasis on hunting B Homo habilis 2 to 2 5 million years ago Homo habilis means handy man larger brain size up to 680cc smaller canine teeth precision grip to make stone tools probably capable of vocal communication VI Tools and Evolution A Why use tools to study evolution add to bone record tools shed light on cognitive abilities having a goal finding materials dexterity to make tools means of gaining skills used basic tools which help us understand Homo development
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