ANTH 101 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Indirect Evidence of Agriculture II Agriculture in South America III The Rise of the State and Civilizations Outline of Current Lecture II Announcements III Social Ranks IV Social Organization V Civilization VI Hydraulic Theory of State Formation VII Carneiro s Conflict Theory Current Lecture III Social Ranks A Commoners rest of population usually food producers B Specialists producers of specialized craft items such as fine pottery inlaid ivory or jewelry C Social Elite small group who function as leaders and have exclusive access to resources and goods IV Social Organization A The Chiefdom form of social organization in which a leader the chief and close relatives are set apart from the rest B The State stratified society that possesses a territory that is defended from outside enemies with an army and from internal disorder with the police designed to enforce laws and collect taxes V Civilization A living in cities B large population C surplus production D social stratification E Natufian Culture 15 000 12 000 B P complex hunter gatherers These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute sedentary early villages settled when climate stable expanded as climate changed exploited wild relatives F Tel Abu Hureyra late Paleolithic settlement early village mud brick houses wide variety of plants cultivated domesticated animals VI Hydraulic Theory of State Formation A political religious authorities control flooding regulate irrigation systems organize maintenance and construction and control the flow of water B Mesopotamia The State based on central government extreme contrast of wealth social classes early Mesopotamian states were city states developed writing to administer government ruled by the literate elite Cuneiform form of written script inequality priests priestesses managed economy by 4 500 B P new government ruled by military monarchy C Indus Civilization major cities urban planting waste water residential areas government and elites VII Carneiro s Conflict Theory A violence and warfare B status occurs when there is environmental circumscription small islands river plants oases C status occurs when there is increasing population D The Aztec Empire E The Early States in China agriculture settlements early cultures first state Shang Dynasty characterized by urbanism palaces and human sacrifices F Trade and the State enabled spread of religion goods and technology wealth and knowledge gained
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