BIOM 121 2nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 13 - 22Lecture 13 (September 7)The most powerful executive branch member is the governor. The attorney general was created to represent the state in legal matters. The source of government revenue in Georgia is state income tax. The source of government expenditures is education. The Democratic Party controlled the Georgia assembly in the earlier part of the 20th century. The Republican Party currently controls the Georgia assembly. The Georgia House members run for re-election every 2 years and the Senate members run every 6 years. Seniority is the limited benefit norm. Following 2010 the Democrats switched to the Republican side in the Georgia assembly. Lecture 14The first of 7 party systems started in 1790. Washington and Hamilton were federalists who did not like Political Parties. Madison and Thomas Jefferson wanted a stronger national government and they formed the democratic Republican Party. Throughout history there were 6 more party systems. (look up in book) The current system has the Democrats getting involved in civil rights and the Republican Party fighting for state rights. There was de-alignment and realignment between parties in the 1970s and a brief one in 1976. The conservatives switched to the Republicans and the Liberals switched to the Democrats. Elections are way more expensive thanthey use to be due to technological changes. Partisan gap in presidential approval ratings higher under W. Bush and Obama than at any other point in the era of public opinion polling Partisans have sorted into the “ideologically” correct party to a greater extend today than beforeLecture 15Congress is the center of policymaking and government. There are two chambers that are needed to pass laws, it serves as a check on each one. Congress’s goals are to solve coordinationproblems, minimize the transaction costs of making legislation, and to make their constituents happy. Members of Congress try to show their constituents that they are ordinary citizens like them that way the people will trust them more. Lecture 16The amount of power a governor has varies depending on the state. Politicians give more power to the governor because they are part time politicians. Discussed certain definitions which are listed at the end of this study guideLecture 17Congress does not work on an annual budget. The parties in each chamber run the show depending on which one is the majority. The majorities enact bills, set rules, establish procedures, choose leaders, and decide how to organize their respective chambers. Committees make the legislative process more efficient. Members of Congress delegate a lot of their work to the committees. Congress’s goals are toacquire information, coordinate actions, and resolve conflicts. Some of the barriers in congress is overcoming personal interests for the common goals, transaction and conformity costs, and ensuring that committee chairs are loyal. Lecture 18People have high expectations of the President but those people are usually disappointed because he doesn’t have enough of the resources or the power to fulfill the people’s expectations. The Framers feared a strong executive branch so they gave certain powers to congress so that they could keep the executive branch in line. The President is very similar to a clerk because they have basic tasks to do. The President’s power has increased over the years due to precedent from past actions and numerous more things. Lecture 19Congress party’s helps make bills easier to pass because party’s usually line with each other. Also members of Congress must keep their party happy so they will vote with them on their bills as well as support them if they want to move up in politics. The advantages of committees in Congress is that it helps with coordination problems and it ensures that Congress has more time to discuss the bills that areimportant and not waste their time on pointless bills. Lecture 20Presidents want to pass their policies and build a positive legacy. In order to do that they must work alongside Congress and convince them to side with them. The President and Congress have different constituents so they have different goals. In order to work together the President must be willing to sacrifice some goals. Presidential power is the power to persuade. It is better when the President has interpersonal relationships and is able to be social. It helps if the president can use carrots and sticks effectively. Sometimes the President can go to the public about a bill they want passed and if the public wants that bill to be passed it will push the members of congress to pass the bill. When the President and Congress don’t like each other they don’t get very far, because they are always butting heads over issues. Lecture 21The following information is for the essay on the exam, it has to do with an episode from West Wing. Thepresident continued to keep his schedule because he did not want the press to make the government shut down a bigger deal. He has people who are trying to negotiate between the president and the other side. He doesn’t want to be in the war room so his people are trying to talk him up and the other side down. So the president isn’t in the negotiation talks but he does have the final say over agreeing with the other side. The President’s people are telling him that he shouldn’t stick with what he thinks is right but what helps to stop the problem and come to a successful negotiation. The President’s people are trying to talk the minority leader to go with the President. The President decides to walk to the Hill so that he can talk to the citizens and gain their trust and pull the people to his side. The President and the key people on the other side communicate by have a go-between to talk to both sides. Finally the President decides to get involved in person to talk to the other side. The other side negotiates by talking to the press and blaming the President for all the people who worked for the government being sent home. The Republican Party gets to write the budget and the President only gets to edit it slightly. Theywant to keep their constituents happy so they will be voted back into the office. The Presidentand the Speaker talk one on one trying to reach an equitable agreement, both of them are arguing over who will give in the most. There were numerous things that was forcing the President and Congress