Wireless Cellular Networks 3G Raj Jain Washington University Saint Louis MO 63131 Jain cse wustl edu These slides are available on line at http www cse wustl edu jain cse574 06 Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 1 2006 Raj Jain Overview Wireless Generations 1G 2G 2 5G 3G CDMA GSM CDPD GPRS EDGE EV DV EV DO WCDMA CDMA2000 TD SCDMA HSDPA Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 2 2006 Raj Jain 3G Technologies Wideband CDMA W CDMA Next Generation GSM Uses 5 MHz channel width 2 Mbps CDMA2000 Next Generation CDMA IS 95 1 25 MHz Channels 144 kbps 3x 6x 9x and 12x in future 3x 3XRTT 3 75 MHz channel 2 Mbps UWC 136 Next Generation TDMA IS 136 200 kHz Channels 384 kbps or 1 6 MHz Channels 2 Mbps Developed by Universal Wireless Communications Consortium UWCC Goal Provide high speed packet based Voice and Data Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 3 2006 Raj Jain 3G Also known as ITU IMT 2000 Project Started in 1980 Goal To have one world wide standard and a common frequency band for mobile networking Result Three frequency bands Below 1 GHz 1 7GHz 2 5GHz Three different technologies W CDMA Europe CDMA2000 North America and TD SCDMA in China Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 4 2006 Raj Jain WCDMA Wideband CDMA Proposed by European Telecom Std Inst ETSI Alpha group WCDMA has 5MHz single carrier system w Freq Div Duplexing and direct sequence FDD DS 2 Mbps data 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP org 2 5G HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data GPRS General Packet Radio Service 144 kbps data only EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution 384 kbps data HSDPA High speed downlink packet access Asymmetric 2 Mbps downlink Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 5 2006 Raj Jain CDMA2000 Proposed by Third Generation Partnership Project 2 3GPP2 org 3GPP2 Partnership of 5 Telecom standards bodies ARIB and TTC in Japan CWTS in China TTA in Korea and TIA in North America Full backward compatibility with IS 95B CdmaOne CDMA2000 is also known as CDMA MC multi carrier It uses n carriers of 1 2288 MHz each 1x 3x 6x 9x 12x 2 5G Operators can overlay CDMA2000 1x now over CdmaOne Also known as CDMA2000 1xEV Implemented in 2 steps 1xEV DO Evolution data only 1xEV DV Evolution data and voice on one carrier Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 6 2006 Raj Jain TD SCDMA Time Division Synchronous CDMA Proposed by China Wireless Telecommunication Standards group CWTS Uses Time Division Duplex TDD Synchronous All base station clocks are synchronized http www tdscdma forum org Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 7 2006 Raj Jain 2 5 G Data services over 2G networks GSM High speed circuit switched data HSCSD General Packet Radio Service GPRS Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution EDGE CdmaOne 1xEV DO 1xEV DV Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 9 2006 Raj Jain HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data HSCSD First attempt to get high speed data over GSM Allows data users to get 1 to 8 slots Data rates up to 115 kbps Circuit switched Constant data rate Not suitable for bursty data Not widely implemented GPRS is more widely implemented Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 10 2006 Raj Jain GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPRS Standard GSM has 8 slots per 200 kHz channel 9 6 kbps data GPRS allows any number of slots to a user 4 different codings used depending upon channel condition 9 05 kbps to 21 4 kbps per slot 76 171 kbps using all 8 slots GPRS user can hop channels as in CDPD 2 5G Technology Gi GSM User Gpi GPRS User t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t0 t1 t2 G2 GP2 GP1 G1 G2 Uplink 1 G1 GP1 GP2 Uplink 2 GP2 GP1 G1 G2 Downlink 1 G1 GP1 G2 GP1 GP2 Downlink 2 GP1 Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 11 2006 Raj Jain GPRS Cont Supports intermittent and bursty data transfers Point to multipoint also supported Need to add two new elements to GSM networks Service GPRS support node SGSN Security Mobility Access control Gateway GPRS support node GGSN Connects to external packet switched networks Standardized by ETSI Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 12 2006 Raj Jain EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EDGE Standard GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying GMSK modulation EDGE changes to 8 PSK modulation 3 bits Hz GPRS EDGE 384 kbps Need better radio signal quality 76 mobile network operators in 50 countries have committed to deploy EDGE March 2004 http www gsacom com news gsa 158 php4 Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 13 2006 Raj Jain Data Rates Technology Bandwidth 200 kHz Data Rate User Theory 9 6 kbps Data Rate User Realistic 9 6 kbps GSM GPRS 200 kHz 172 kbps 40 kbps EDGE 200 kHz 474 kbps 100 kbps CDMA2000 3x 3 75 MHz 2 Mbps 384 kbps WCDMA 5 MHz 2 Mbps 1 Mbps Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 14 2006 Raj Jain HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access for WCDMA Improved spectral efficiency for downlink Asymmetric Up to 10 Mbps in theory 2Mbps in practice Announced by Siemens then by Ericsson Alcatel Fujitsu Adaptive modulation and coding AMC Multi code multiple CDMA channels transmission Fast physical layer L1 hybrid ARQ H ARQ Packet scheduler moved from the radio network controller RNC to the Node B base station advanced packet scheduling techniques user data rate can be adjusted to match the instantaneous radio channel conditions Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 15 2006 Raj Jain 1xEV DV 1x Evolution to Data and Voice 1xEV DV Single 1 25 MHz bandwidth shared between voice and data users 3 1 Mbps peak data rate on Forward Packet Data Channel Voice users are usually scheduled first Dynamic allocation of the unused BS power to data users every slot cycle 1 25 ms BS PWR Data Users Voice Users Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 16 Time 2006 Raj Jain 1xEV DV vs 1xEV DO EV DV uses 1 RF channel for data and voice while EV DO requires separate carrier frequencies Fully compatible with CdmaOne and CDMA2000 allowing all types of handoff between those systems economical incremental deployment uninterrupted voice and data coverage EV DV provides smooth coexistence between voice and data services IS 2000 Rel 0 BS can be upgraded to support EV DV Rel C by addition of channel card and SW upgrade To upgrade the same BS to support EV DO in addition to 1x a separate RF path from antennas through PA s to channel card is needed Washington University in St Louis CSE574s 7 17 2006 Raj Jain Data Rates Down Link Up Link 1x 9 6 kbps 614 4 kbps 9 6 kbps 460 8 kbps 1xEV DV Rel C 9 6 kbps 3 09 Mbps 9 6 kbps 460 8 kbps 1xEV DV Rel D 9 6 kbps 3 09
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