Mobile IPOutlineWhy Mobile IP?Mobile IPv4 basicsMobile IP TerminologyMobile IP FunctionalityAgent AdvertisementRegistrationIP-in-IP-encapsulationMinimal EncapsulationGeneric Routing EncapsulationMobile IP OperationIssues on Mobile IPRouting OptimizationBinding Cache/Warning/ HandoffMobile IP Handover/HandoffQOSMulticastSecurityReverse TunnelingAuthenticationMobile IPv6 improvementMobile IPv6 improvement (cont.)Mobility Support in IPMobility Support in IP (cont.)Slide 26ConclusionReferenceSlide 29Slide 30Mobile IPChakchai So-InDepartment of Computer science Washington University01/14/19Washington University 2OutlineWhy Mobile IP? Mobile IPv4 basicsIssues on Mobile IPMobile IPv6 improvementMobility Support in IP Conclusion01/14/19Washington University 3Why Mobile IP?Motivation for Mobile IPTCP session need to keep the same IP address for the life of the sessionIP needs to change the IP address when mobile node moves to a new placeConsider the IP mobility problem as a routing problemRequirement for Mobile IPTransparencyCompatibilityEfficiency and scalability01/14/19Washington University 4Mobile IPv4 basicsMobile IP TerminologyMobile IP FunctionalityMobile IP Operation01/14/19Washington University 5Mobile IP TerminologyMobile Node (MN)Foreign Agent (FA)Home Agent (HA)Care of Address (COA)Foreign agent-based COA/ Colocated COACorrespondent Node (CN)Security Parameters Index (SPI)Tunneling01/14/19Washington University 6Mobile IP FunctionalityAgent DiscoveryAgent Advertisement/ SolicitationMove Detection (Handover)Lifetime based and Network PrefixRegistration (inform HA for COA)Routing and TunnelingEncapsulation IPinIP (RFC2003), Minimal encapsulation (RFC2004), GRE (RFC 2784)Triangle routing01/14/19Washington University 7Agent AdvertisementICMP Router Discovery Protocol(IRDP: RFC 1256)Type = 16Length = 6 + 4 * #COAsR: Registration requiredB: Busy, no more registrationsH: Home agentF: Foreign agentM: Minimal encapsulationG: GREr: Sent as 0, ignored on receptionT: FA supports reverse tunnelingreserved: Sent as 0, ignored on receptionPreference level 1Router address 1#addressesTypeAddr. size LifetimeChecksum07 8 15 16 312423CodePreference level 2Router address 2. . . zero or more COAsType Sequence numberLengthRegistration Lifetime. . . R B H F M G r reservedT01/14/19Washington University 8RegistrationHome agentHome addressType = 1 Lifetime07 8 15 16 312423T xIdentificationCOAExtensions . . . S B DMG rHome agentHome addressType = 3 Lifetime07 8 15 16 31CodeIdentificationExtensions . . . UDPRegistration RequestRegistration ReplySource PortLength Check SumDestination Port = 43401/14/19Washington University 9IP-in-IP-encapsulationCare-of address COAIP address of HATTLIP identificationIP-in-IP IP checksumflags fragment offsetlengthDS (TOS)ver. IHLIP address of MNIP address of CNTTLIP identificationProtocol IP checksumflags fragment offsetlengthDS (TOS)ver. IHLTCP/UDP/ ... payloadnew dataoriginal IPheaderoriginal dataouter headernew IP headerInner header original data01/14/19Washington University 10Minimal Encapsulationcare-of address COAIP address of HATTLIP identificationmin. encap. IP checksumflags fragment offsetlengthDS (TOS)ver. IHLIP address of MNoriginal sender IP address (if S=1)SProtocol IP checksumTCP/UDP/ ... payloadreservedAvoid repetition of identical fields01/14/19Washington University 11Generic Routing Encapsulationoriginalheaderoriginal datanew datanew headerouter headerGRE headeroriginal dataoriginalheaderCare-of address COAIP address of HATTLIP identificationGRE IP checksumflags fragment offsetlengthDS (TOS)ver. IHLIP address of MNIP address of CNTTLIP identificationProtocol IP checksumflags fragment offsetlengthDS (TOS)ver. IHLTCP/UDP/ ... payloadrouting (optional)sequence number (optional)key (optional)offset (optional)checksum (optional)protocolrec. rsv. ver.CR K S s01/14/19Washington University 12Mobile IP Operation1. Sender (CN) sends to the MN address, HA catches packets (proxy ARP)2. HA make a tunnel and forward packet to COA by encapsulation3. FA forwards the packet to the MN4. MN sends packet to CN as usualHA FAMNCN1345627Home Network Foreign Network01/14/19Washington University 13Issues on Mobile IPRouting OptimizationMobile IP Handover/HandoffQOSMulticastSecurity (AAA)01/14/19Washington University 14Routing OptimizationOptimization Strategies (Lifetime)Binding Cache (draft-ietf-mobileip-optim-11) Binding request and updatesBinding warning Handoff/ Out of date cacheSecure Binding Message : IPSec (RFC 3776)Foreign Agent Smooth HandoffPrevious FA reencapsulates a datagram with the right COA and sent it to MN (Relay)01/14/19Washington University 15Binding Cache/Warning/ HandoffBinding cacheHACNMNFAMN listsBinding UpdateOut of date cacheBinding WarningHACNMNFAMN listsBinding AckBinding UpdateNew FAOldFARegistrationHA01/14/19Washington University 16Mobile IP Handover/HandoffHard Handoff/ Soft HandoffForward Handoff/ Backward Handoff[Yu et all, 2003]01/14/19Washington University 17QOSQOS functionality [M. Taha et all, 2005]IntServ (Mobile RSVP)DiffServ ExtensionMobile IP over MPLS01/14/19Washington University 18MulticastHome agent-based multicastForeign agent-based multicastMulticast support for Mobile IP with the hierarchical local registration approachRange-based mobile multicast[Richard LIN, 2002]01/14/19Washington University 19SecurityIngress Filtering (RFC2827)Reverse Tunneling (RFC3024)Replay attacks Timestamp & NonceBogus Registration (DOS)Authentication (shared keys) : Still difficult for key distribution/ managementFirewall (draft-ietf-mobileip-firewall-trav-00, draft-ietf-mip6-firewalls-04 )Enable UDP 443 security channel (optional)01/14/19Washington University 20Reverse TunnelingHA FAMNCN5281736Home Network Foreign Network401/14/19Washington University 21AuthenticationIP authentication Header (RFC2402)HMAC-MD5 (RFC2104)IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) (RFC4303) AH Orig IP hdr TCP DataOrig IP hdr TCP DataAH Orig IP hdr TCP DataNew IP hdr TCP DataOrig IP hdrTunneling ModeTransport ModeAuthentication Data (variable)Sequence Number fieldSecurity Parameters Index (SPI)ReservedLengthNext Header01/14/19Washington University 22Mobile IPv6 improvementMIPv6 is a part of IPv6 not UDP messageMIPv6 support End-to-End
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