Enabling Network Mobility A Survey of NEMO 1 of 12 file X www docs cse574 06 ftp network mobility index html Enabling Network Mobility A Survey of NEMO Paul Moceri paul moceri gmail com Abstract The growing use of IP devices in portable applications has created the demand for mobility support for entire networks of IP devices Network Mobility NEMO solves this problem by extending Mobile IP Devices on a mobile network are unaware of their network s mobility however they are provided with uninterrupted Internet access even when the network changes its attachment point to the Internet The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF has already created a set of NEMO protocols to provide basic NEMO functionality on both IPv4 and IPv6 and continues to work with other projects to develop advanced performance and functionality enhancing features The first set of NEMO implementations are available on several platforms including BSD variants Linux and Cisco Systems routing equipment Keywords Network Mobility NEMO Mobile IP MIPv4 MIPv6 Mobile Networks Mobility Survey Multihoming Route Optimization Table of Contents 1 0 Introduction 1 1 Applications 1 2 Terminology 1 3 How it Works 2 0 Protocols and Standards 2 1 NEMO Basic Support Protocol 2 2 NEMO on IPv4 vs IPv6 3 0 Security and Performance Considerations 3 1 Security Features 3 2 Performance Analysis 3 3 Interoperability 4 0 Future Work for NEMO 4 1 Route Optimization RO 4 2 Multihoming 4 3 DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 5 0 Implementations 5 1 Nautilus6 Project for IPv6 5 2 Cisco Mobile Networks 5 3 Microsoft Windows Support 6 0 Summary References Acronyms 5 9 2006 7 25 PM Enabling Network Mobility A Survey of NEMO 2 of 12 file X www docs cse574 06 ftp network mobility index html 1 Introduction Today using Mobile IP MIP it is possible to move a single IP device from point to point on the Internet without losing higher level connections However with the proliferation of IP and the desire to always remain connected to the Internet we are seeing entire networks of IP devices moving together from one place to another It is possible to enable mobility for all of these devices using standard Mobile IP however this would require all devices to be capable of Mobile IP and generate excess overhead as every device has to perform Mobile IP functions Another solution to the problem is Network Mobility NEMO NEMO works by moving the mobility functionality from Mobile IP mobile nodes to a mobile network s router The router is able to change its attachment point to the Internet in a manner that is transparent to attached nodes This survey paper will give an overview of NEMO including how it works current and future NEMO standards and an overview of implementations and products that support NEMO Since NEMO draws heavily from Mobile IP the author recommends that the reader is familiar with Mobile IP RFC3344 1 1 Applications In the near future airplanes automobiles and even people will carry entire networks of IP devices that connect to the Internet However as they move these networks must change their point of attachment to the Internet due to availability of Internet connectivity NEMO would enable devices on these networks to maintain unchanged in the sense of unchanged IP address and network prefix connections to other devices on the Internet Airplanes Until recently wireless devices have been prohibited on commercial airline flights due to the risk of interference with airplanes electrical systems However in June of 2005 the Federal Aviation Administration FAA gave permission to United Airlines to install Wi Fi 802 11 wireless network equipment on some of its aircraft Reuters05 This new regulation will open the door for in flight Internet service and invite NEMO as a solution to provide uninterrupted Internet connectivity to multiple passengers Automobiles It is not difficult to image networked systems or even Internet enabled navigation multimedia or driving system on automobiles NEMO has the potential to provide a single shared Internet access point to these systems In the case of critical driving systems NEMO would be essential in order to maintain continuous connectivity and availability Ernst02 Personal Area Networks PANs People are beginning to carry multiple Internet enabled devices such as cell phones PDAs laptop computes and music players Instead of each device connecting to the Internet separate all of devices could connect the Internet through a PAN Using NEMO one device such as a cell phone would act as the mobile router providing continuous access to the rest of the devices Other applications and uses of mobile networks can be found in the Network Mobility Support Goals and Requirements Internet Draft Ernst05 1 2 Terminology The following definitions are important for understanding the basics of Mobile IP and NEMO and will be used throughout this survey paper Access Router AR Router that provides Internet access to a Mobile Router 5 9 2006 7 25 PM Enabling Network Mobility A Survey of NEMO 3 of 12 file X www docs cse574 06 ftp network mobility index html Care of Address CoA IP address of Mobile Router at its current Internet attachment point Correspondent Node CN An IP device that is communicating with Mobile Network Node via IP Foreign Agent FA An Access Router that is NEMO aware and provides mechanisms to aid the Mobile Router Home Agent HA Host on the Home Network that enables the Mobile Router to roam Home Network HN Network that a Mobile Router belongs to when it is not roaming i e the network that is associated with the network link of the Home Agent Mobility Agent MA Any IP device including Mobile Router and Home Agent that perform mobility functions Mobile Network Node MNN Any IP device on a mobile network Mobile Network Nodes may be fixed to the mobile network or visiting the mobile network as mobile nodes MNNs do not need to be aware of the network s mobility Mobile Node MN An IP device capable of changing its attachment point to the Internet while maintain higher layer connectivity through mobility functionality Mobile Router MR A router capable of changing its point of attachment to the Internet without disrupting higher layer connections of attached devices For a more complete list of the agents and devices involved in network mobility refer to Ernst06 1 3 How it Works The easiest way to understand NEMO is to first understand Mobile IP Mobile IP enables a device to change its attachment point to the Internet without loosing higher layer
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