Hard DriveSection ObjectivesFloppy Drive OverviewFloppy MediaSlide 5Floppy Drive ConstructionFloppy Disk GeometrySlide 8Slide 9Floppy Drive InstallationSlide 11Floppy Drive ConfigurationSlide 13Hard Drive OverviewHard Drive GeometrySlide 16Slide 17Hard Drive Interfaces OverviewIDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)Slide 20SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)Slide 22Drive Configuration OverviewPATA IDE Device ConfigurationSlide 25IDE Device ConfigurationSlide 27Serial ATA (SATA) InstallationSerial ATA (SATA) InstallationSCSI ConfigurationSCSI ID ConfigurationSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34SCSI TerminationSlide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42SCSI CablesSlide 44Slide 45Slide 46Laptop Storage DevicesSystem BIOS Configuration for Hard DrivesHard Drive Preparation OverviewPartitioningSlide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58How Drive Letters Are AssignedWindows 2000/XP Logical Disk ManagementFault ToleranceBootable DisksTroubleshooting DrivesSlide 64SCSI Specific ErrorsPreventive Maintenance for Hard DrivesData SecurityRemovable Drive StorageHard Drive FragmentationSlide 70Disk Caching/Virtual Memory7-1Hard Drive7-2Section ObjectivesAfter completing this section you will be able to:Install or replace a floppy driveDefine and explain fundamental hard drive terminologyCompare and contrast IDE and SCSI technologies7-3Floppy Drive OverviewThe floppy drive subsystem consists of three main parts: (1) the electronic circuits or the controller, (2) the 34-pin ribbon cable, and (3) the floppy drive.The electronic circuits give the floppy drive instructions.The electronic circuits can be built into the motherboard or on an adapter.The floppy cable connects the floppy drive to the electronic circuits.The floppy drive allows saving data to disk media.7-4Floppy MediaDisk – also called floppy disk – The media inserted in a floppy drive.Write-Protect Window – A small window in the corner of a floppy with a sliding tab to open or close the window. If the window is open the disk is write-protected.1.44 MB Disks – 3.5” today’s floppy disks.7-5Floppy Media1.44MB with write-Protect and high density windowsFloppy – Figure 7.17-6Floppy Drive ConstructionFloppy drives have two read/write heads that place the data onto the disk. Floppy disks are inserted between the two read/write heads in the floppy drive. The disk turns inside the disk jackets and the floppy drive heads physically touch and scan the disks to read and write data.Over time, the read/write heads become dirty. When a technician sees read/write errors occurring the first step is to clean the read/write heads.7-7Floppy Disk Geometry•When a disk is formatted concentric circles called tracks are drawn on that disk. 1.44MB disks have 80 tracks. •Sector – Tracks are further subdivided into pie-shaped wedges. A sector is the section defined between a tract and an intersecting line and holds 512 bytes of information. •Cluster – The minimum amount of space one file occupies. On a floppy disk a cluster is 1024 bytes or two sectors.7-8Floppy Disk GeometryDisk with 80 tracksFloppy – Figure 7.27-9Floppy Disk GeometrySectors and sector numberingFloppy – Figure 7.37-10Floppy Drive InstallationInstallation of floppy drives is simple after doing some preliminary homework:An available drive bayAn available power connectionA motherboard floppy connector available or install an additional adapterA floppy cable7-11Floppy Drive InstallationFloppy – Figure 7.4Floppy Connector on Motherboard7-12Floppy Drive ConfigurationFloppy drive cableFloppy – Figure 7.57-13Floppy Drive InstallationPin 1 on the cable attaches to Pin 1 on the connector. Pin 1 is identified by a red stripe on the cable.Most manufacturers identify Pin 1 in writing on the motherboard.Installing the floppy is mounting the drive to the case and connecting the cable from the drive to the motherboard or adapter.7-14Hard Drive OverviewHard drives are a popular devices for storing data. The hard drive subsystem can have up to three parts:–The hard drive–Cables that attach to an adapter or the motherboard–Control circuits located on an adapter or the motherboard7-15Hard Drive GeometryComponents of a Hard Drive:–Platters are multiple hard metal surfaces contained in the hard drive.–Read/Write Heads write and read the 1s and 0s to and from the hard drive surface.Head Crash – When a read/write head touches the hard drive platter.–Track – Concentric circle on a hard drive platter.–Cylinder – One corresponding track on all surfaces of a hard drive.–Sectors – Each track is divided into sectors of 512 bytes.7-16Hard Drive GeometryHard Drive GeometryIDE/SCSI – Figure 7.67-17Hard Drive GeometryCylinder versus tracksIDE/SCSI – Figure 7.87-18Hard Drive Interfaces OverviewThere are two major hard drive interfaces:–IDE (integrated drive electronics) – Also known as ATA (AT Attachment) standard. IDE is most common in home/office computers. –SCSI (small computer system interface) – SCSI is most common in network servers.7-19IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is used with hard drives, as well as tape, Zip, CD and DVD drives.Two types of IDE–PATA (Parallel ATA) – Older ATA type. PATA uses a 40-pin cable to connect the IDE hard drive to the motherboard or an adapter and transfers 16 bits of data at a time. –SATA (Serial ATA) – Is a point to point interface in which each device connects to the host through a dedicated link and has the entire interface bandwidth.ATA-1 – Original IDE interface standard. ATA-2 – Faster transfer rates than ATA-1.DMA mode (direct access mode) – DMA is supported by ATA-2. It allows data transfer between RAM and the hard drive without going through the CPU. UDMA (ultra DMA) – Also known as bus master DMA. Latest type of DMA.7-20IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)IDE PATA StandardsIDE/SCSI – Table 7.27-21SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is an interface standard that connects multiple small devices to the same adapter via a SCSI bus.–SCSI bus is the bus shared by all devices that attach to one SCSI adapter.–Host Adapter connects the SCSI device to the motherboard and coordinates the activities of other devices connected.7-22SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)SCSI standardsIDE/SCSI – Table