PowerPoint PresentationSection ObjectivesVideo OverviewSlide 4Types of MonitorsSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Monitor Terminology and TheorySlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)Slide 21Slide 22Video PortsSlide 24ProjectorsMonitor Preventive MaintenanceMonitor Energy EfficiencyScreen SaversVideo AdaptersSlide 30Video MemorySlide 32Slide 33Installing a Video AdapterTroubleshooting VideoSlide 3610-1Video10-2Section ObjectivesAfter completing this section you will be able to:Describe the components of the video subsystemDifferentiate among monitor types including laptop displaysDefine basic monitor theory and terminologyDescribe issues regarding video memoryInstall a video adapter and associated software10-3Video OverviewVideo should be considered a subsystem that consists of:–the monitor–the electronic circuits which send the monitor instructions–the connecting cable10-4Video OverviewVideo – Figure 10.1Video subsystem10-5Types of MonitorsDifferent ways of classifying monitors:–Color or Non-color–Analog or Digital–Type of video adapter used10-6Types of MonitorsMonochrome–First type to be produced–Project a single color (white, amber, or green) on black background–Text-only output, no graphicsGrayscale–Display varying shades of black and white–Used by artists and CAD designersColor–Display up to millions of colors for text and graphics10-7Types of MonitorsDigital–Accept digital signals from the video adapter–First monochrome and first two types of color monitors–Limited number of colorsAnalog–Utilize analog waveforms to generate colors–Color variations are limitlessNote: Video adapter must match the type of monitor.10-8Types of MonitorsVideo – Table 10.1Video adapters/monitor types10-9Monitor Terminology and TheoryMonitor size–No industry standard, but traditionally defined as the diagonal length of the picture tube (or CRT).–Most common sizes are 15-inch, 17-inch, and 21-inch.CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)–Main part of the monitor.–Covered by the monitor case which may not allow all of it to be viewed.VIS (Viewable Image Size)–Listed by many manufacturers as the viewable area of the CRT to clarify the monitor size.10-10Monitor Terminology and TheoryElectron gun–Directs a beam of electrons at a phosphorous dot on the back of the monitor tube.•Some monitors have 3, one each for the colors red, green, and blue.•Other monitors utilize only 1 to direct the 3 color beams.–When the beam hits the phosphor, the dot glows on the front of the screen.•All figures, icons, and letters are made up of these glowing dots.Dot triad (or dot trio)–3 phosphorous dots grouped together at each location on the screen.–Consists of 1 dot each for red, green, and blue.–Electron beam hits the dot(s) with varying intensity causing the phosphor to glow and create different color intensities.10-11Monitor Terminology and TheoryShadow mask–A metal plate with holes that keeps the electron beam directed (or focused) at the proper dot.Pixel (short for picture element)–One dot on the screen created by the convergence of the phosphorous dot trio.–Smallest displayable unit on the monitor screen.10-12Monitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Figure 10.2Video theory of operation10-13Monitor Terminology and TheoryPicture cell–The single image created by 3 different colored phosphorous dots.Dot pitch–The distance between like-colored phosphorous dots on adjacent dot triads.–Measured in millimeters.–Commonly include .39mm, .35mm, .28mm, .26mm, .25mm.–The lower the monitor’s dot pitch, the smaller the distance between the dot triads. The lower the number, the better the picture quality.10-14Monitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Figure 10.3Dot pitch10-15Monitor Terminology and TheoryAperture grill–Used in monitors and televisions as an alternative method to the shadow mask using very fine vertical wires instead of holes.–Allows more electrons to reach the screen, producing deeper color intensities.–Requires horizontal stabilizing wires to keep the fine vertical wires from vibrating or moving and these can be viewed on bright images.–Minimum acceptable dot pitch for the aperture grill is .25mm.–Some dot pitch descriptions include:Grill pitch, horizontal mask pitch, and mask pitch.10-16Monitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Figure 10.4Aperture grille10-17Monitor Terminology and TheoryResolution–The maximum number of pixels of a monitor.–Illustrated by two values separated by an x, meaning by.Example of a monitor resolution is 640 x 480.–640 = # of pixels that fit horizontally–480 = # of pixels that fit vertically–Depends on the combination of the monitor and adapter.10-18Monitor Terminology and TheoryRefresh Rate–The maximum number of times a screen is scanned, or redrawn, in one second, measured in Hz.Horizontal scanning frequency (HRR or Horizontal Refresh Rate)–The speed which the beam traverses the screen and draws one line.–Measure in kilohertz (kHz) as determined by the video adapter.–Range from 35 to 90 kHz.10-19Monitor Terminology and TheoryVertical scan rate (VRR or Vertical Refresh Rate)–The number of times the electron beam draws from the top-left corner, to the bottom-right corner, and back again to the top-left, drawing the entire screen.–Determined by the capabilities of the video adapter and the monitor.Multi-scan monitor (also multi-synch or multiple frequency)–Can lock onto different vertical and horizontal scanning rates.Interlacing –A monitor that uses interlacing scans first odd numbered pixel rows, then returns for the even ones on each vertical refresh.–Causes a flickering screen, but is less expensive than non-interlaced, which scans all horizontal rows on each vertical refresh.10-20LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)–A video technology used with laptops and flat screen monitors.–The two types of LCD are passive matrix and active matrix.Passive matrix (least expensive)–Made up of rows and columns of conductors, with the pixels located at each intersection.–Each pixel has 3 cells in a color monitor, one each for red, green, and blue.–Not as bright as active matrix displays.10-21LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)Active matrix (more expensive)–Have a transistor for each pixel.–Number of transistors determine