VideoChapter ObjectivesVideo OverviewSlide 4Types of MonitorsSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Monitor Terminology and TheorySlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Monitor Preventive MaintenanceMonitor Energy EfficiencySlide 28Screen SaversVideo AdaptersSlide 31Video MemorySlide 33Slide 34Installing a Video AdapterTroubleshooting VideoSlide 37Windows Video ProblemsVideoTerms and DefinitionsChapter ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter you will:•Describe the components of the video subsystem.•Differentiate among monitor types.•Understand basic monitor theory and terminology.•Recommend a resolution for a particular monitor size.•Describe different types of video memory.•Be able to install a video adapter and associated software.•Perform basic video troubleshooting techniques.Video Overview•Video should be considered a subsystem that consists of:–the monitor–the electronic circuits which send the monitor instructions–the connecting cableVideo OverviewVideo – Figure # 1Video SubsystemTypes of Monitors•Different ways of classifying monitors:–Color or Non-color–Analog or Digital–Type of video adapter usedTypes of Monitors•Monochrome–First type to be produced–Project a single color (white, amber, or green) on black background–Text-only output, no graphics•Grayscale–Display varying shades of black and white–Used by artists and CAD designers•Color–Display up to millions of colors for text and graphicsTypes of Monitors•Digital–Accept digital signals from the video adapter–First monochrome and first two types of color monitors–Limited number of colors•Analog–Utilize analog waveforms to generate colors–Color variations are limitlessNote: Video adapter must match the type of monitor.Types of MonitorsVideo – Table # 1Video Adapters/Monitor TypesMonitor Terminology and Theory•Monitor size–No industry standard, but traditionally defined as the diagonal length of the picture tube (or CRT)–Most common sizes are 15-inch, 17-inch, and 21-inch•CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)–Main part of the monitor–Commonly referred to as the picture tube–Covered by the monitor case which may not allow all of it to be viewed•VIS (Viewable Image Size)–Listed by many manufacturers as the viewable area of the CRT to clarify the monitor sizeMonitor Terminology and Theory•Electron gun–Directs a beam of electrons at a phosphorous dot on the back of the monitor tube•Some monitors have 3, one each for the colors red, green, and blue•Other monitors utilize only 1 to direct the 3 color beams–When the beam hits the phosphor, the dot glows on the front of the screen•All figures, icons, and letters are made up of these glowing dots•Dot triad (or dot trio)–3 phosphorous dots grouped together at each location on the screen–Consists of 1 dot each for red, green, and blue–Electron beam hits the dot(s) with varying intensity causing the phosphor to glow and create different color intensitiesMonitor Terminology and Theory•Shadow mask–A metal plate with holes that keeps the electron beam directed (or focused) at the proper dot–Variations include:•The Invar shadow mask by Phillips Magnavox (reduces heat problem of traditional mask)•A mask used in NEC’s Chromaclear monitors that has elliptical slots instead of holes•Pixel (short for picture element)–One dot on the screen created by the convergence of the phosphorous dot trio–Smallest displayable unit on the monitor screenMonitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Figure # 2Video Theory of OperationMonitor Terminology and Theory•Picture cell–The single image created by 3 different colored phosphorous dots•Dot pitch–The distance between like-colored phosphorous dots on adjacent dot triads–Measured in millimeters–Commonly include .39mm, .35mm, .28mm, .26mm, .25mmNote: The lower the monitor’s dot pitch, the smaller the distance between the dot triads. The lower the number, the better the picture quality. For example, a monitor with a .28mm dot pitch is better than one with a .35mm dot pitch.Monitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Figure # 3Dot PitchMonitor Terminology and Theory•Aperture grill–Used in Sony Trinitron monitors as an alternative method to the shadow mask using very fine vertical wires instead of holes–Allows more electrons to reach the screen, producing deeper color intensities–Requires horizontal stabilizing wires to keep the fine vertical wires from vibrating or moving and these can be viewed on bright images–Dot pitch is relevant to horizontal direction only as the phosphor is coated in vertical strips rather than dots–Some high quality CRTs using the aperture grill reach a dot pitch smaller than .22mm–Minimum acceptable dot pitch for the aperture grill is .25mm–Some dot pitch descriptions include:•Grill pitch, horizontal mask pitch, and mask pitchMonitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Figure # 4Aperture GrilleMonitor Terminology and Theory•Resolution–The maximum number of pixels of a monitor–Illustrated by two values separated by an x, meaning by•Example of a monitor resolution is 640 x 480–640 = # of pixels that fit horizontally, or across the screen–480 = # of pixels that fit vertically, or up and down, on the screen–SVGA is often described as 800 x 600, and UVGA as 1024 x 768 (not definite, but generally accepted by the industry this way)–Depends on the combination of the monitor and adapterNote: The higher the monitor’s resolution, the smaller the pixel appears on the screen. Picking a higher resolution will make Windows icons appear smaller. This is often misunderstood, with many users setting their resolution too high relative to their monitor size, making the icons appear too small.Monitor Terminology and TheoryVideo – Table # 2Recommended ResolutionsMonitor Terminology and Theory•Refresh Rate–The maximum number of times a screen is scanned, or redrawn, in one second, measured in Hz–Pixels do not stay excited very long and must be refreshed to stay lit–The electron beam starts from the top left corner and moves horizontally to the right, at the end of the row, it turns off briefly and moves to the left of the next row down until the necessary pixels on the whole screen have been energized again. The video card directs this motion and instructs it on which pixels need to be lit again•Horizontal