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IDE and SCSI DevicesChapter ObjectivesHard Drive OverviewHard Drive GeometrySlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Hard Drive Interfaces OverviewIDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)Slide 17Laptop Storage DevicesSCSI Software StandardsDrive Configuration OverviewIDE Device ConfigurationSlide 22Slide 23Slide 24Serial ATA (SATA) InstallationSerial ATA (SATA) InstallationSCSI ConfigurationSCSI ID ConfigurationSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31SCSI TerminationSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39SCSI CablesSlide 41Slide 42Slide 43System Configuration for Hard DrivesBIOS Configurations for Hard DrivesHard Drive Preparation OverviewPartitioningSlide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55How Drive Letters Are AssignedSlide 57Windows 2000/XP Logical Disk ManagementSlide 59Fault ToleranceHigh-Level FormatSlide 62Bootable DisksSlide 64VirusesSlide 66Logically Troubleshooting Newly Installed DrivesLogically Troubleshooting Previously Installed DrivesIDE Specific ErrorsSCSI Specific ErrorsPreventive Maintenance for Hard DrivesHard Drive FragmentationSlide 73Disk Caching/Virtual MemoryIDE and SCSI DevicesTerms and DefinitionsChapter ObjectivesAfter completing this chapter you will:•Understand hard drive terminology.•Understand the different hard drive types.•Be able to set up and configure different types of hard drives.•Be able to troubleshoot hard drive problems.•Understand and be able to perform hard drive preventive maintenance.Hard Drive Overview•Hard drives are the most popular devices for storing data. The hard drive subsystem can have up to three parts:–The hard drive–Cables that attach to an adapter or the motherboard–Control circuits located on an adapter or the motherboardHard Drive Geometry•Components of a Hard Drive:–Platters are multiple hard metal surfaces contained in the hard drive.–Read/Write Heads write and read 1s and 0s to and from the hard drive surface.•A Head Crash occurs when a read/write head touches the hard drive platter.–Track is a concentric circle on a formatted floppy or hard drive platter.–Cylinder is one corresponding track on all surfaces of a hard drive.–Sectors – Each track is divided into sectors which contains 512 bytes of data.•ZBR (Zone Bit Recording) efficiently uses the hard drive surface by placing more sectors on the outer tracks than on the inner tracks.•Interleaving is a method of numbering sectors for the most efficient transfer of data between the hard drive and the controller. Today’s hard drives normally use a 1:1 interleave.Hard Drive GeometryHard Drive GeometryIDE/SCSI – Figure #1Hard Drive GeometryCylinder vs TracksIDE/SCSI – Figure #2Hard Drive GeometrySectors on Older Hard DrivesIDE/SCSI – Figure #3Hard Drive GeometryIDE/SCSI – Figure #4Zone Bit Recording SectorsHard Drive Geometry3:1 InterleavingIDE/SCSI – Figure #5Hard Drive Interfaces Overview•There are four hard drive interfaces:–ST506–ESDI–IDE (ATA)–SCSI•Encoding is the way 1s and 0s are placed on the drive.IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)•IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is the most popular type of hard drive used in home and business computers.–DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows data transfer between the hard drive and RAM without going through the CPU.–PIO (Programmed Input/Output) is a speed standard for data transfers to and from the hard drive.–UDMA (Ultra DMA) allows the IDE interface to control the PCI bus for faster transfers.–SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis & Report Technology) is part of the ATA-3 IDE standard for power management, drive analysis, and failure reporting.–CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking) is an advanced method of checking the data for errors.–ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) is the hardware side of the IDE specification that supports devices like CD and tape drives.–Serial ATA is a point to point interface in which each device connects to the host through a dedicated link and has the entire interface bandwidth.IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)PIO Modes for IDE Hard DrivesIDE/SCSI – Table #1IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)DMA Modes for IDE Hard DrivesIDE/SCSI – Table #2IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)80 and 40 Pin Conductor CableIDE/SCSI – Figure #6IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)IDE ATA StandardsIDE/SCSI – Table #4SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)•SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is an interface standard that connects multiple small devices to the same adapter via a SCSI bus.–SCSI bus is the bus shared by all devices that attach to one SCSI adapter.–Host Adapter connects the SCSI device to the motherboard and coordinates the activities of other devices connected.SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)SCSI StandardsIDE/SCSI – Table #5Laptop Storage Devices•Laptops can use IDE or SCSI hard drives.•Laptop IDE hard drives are installed using two methods:–Proprietary installation is installed in a location that cannot be changed, configured, or moved very easily.–Removable IDE hard drives with a laptop are installed or removed through a 44-pin connector.SCSI Software Standards•Most SCSI hard drives have software built into the hard drive’s BIOS chip. Other drives must use one of three types of SCSI software standards:–ASPI (Advanced SCSI Programming Interface)–CAM (Common Access Method)–LADDR (Layered Device Driver Architecture)Drive Configuration Overview•The configuration of a hard drive usually includes setting jumpers on the drive, terminating properly, and performing a few software commands.IDE Device Configuration•IDE Hard Drives are normally configured using jumpers.–Single IDE setting is used when only one devices connects to the IDE cable.–Master IDE setting is a jumper setting used to configure an IDE device and is the controlling device on the interface.–Slave IDE setting is an IDE setting for the second device added to the IDE cable. The device should be a slower device than the master.–Cable Select is a setting used on IDE devices when a special cable determines which device is the master and which one is the slave.–DASP (Drive Active/Slave Present) is a signal in the ATA interface of the IDE connector that is used to indicate the presence of a slave IDE device.–Master/Slave configuration can be found on 9-19.IDE Device ConfigurationIDE Motherboard ConnectorsIDE/SCSI – Figure #7IDE Device


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UT CS 320 - IDE and SCSI Devices

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