Multimedia DevicesChapter ObjectivesMultimedia OverviewCD-ROM Drive OverviewCD-ROM Drive SpeedsSlide 6Slide 7CD-ROM Drive Buffers/CacheTheory of CD-ROM Drive OperationSlide 10Internal and External CD-ROM DrivesCD-ROM Disk LoadingSlide 13CD-R and CD-RWSlide 15Magneto-Optical DrivesStructure of a CDDVD-ROMSlide 19DecodersOther DVD TechnologiesBlu-ray DrivesCD/DVD Drive Interfaces and ConnectionsPreventive Maintenance for CD and DVD DrivesCD and DVD Drive InstallationCD and DVD Driver InstallationTroubleshooting CD/DVD Drive ProblemsSound CardsSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31Sound Card Theory of OperationSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35Installing Sound CardsSound Cards Using Windows 9X/NT/2000/XPSlide 38Slide 39SpeakersSlide 41Troubleshooting Sound ProblemsMultimedia DevicesTerms and DefinitionsChapter ObjectivesAfter completing these slides you will:•Understand various CD and DVD technologies.•Understand the meaning of a CD or DVD’s X factor.•Understand how a CD drive works.•Know the different interfaces used with CD and DVD drives and be able to configure the drive.•Understand the basic operation of a sound card.•Understand the software associated with CD and DVD drive installation.•Be able to install a sound card.•Be able to use various operating system tools to verify drive and sound card installation.Multimedia Overview•The term multimedia has different meanings to different people because there are so many different types of multimedia devices. These slides focus on the most popular areas and you will find that other devices are similar to install and troubleshoot.•Multimedia devices:–CD and DVD technologies–Sound cardsCD-ROM Drive Overview•CD-ROM terms:–CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) Drive is a device that holds CDs and is used for audio and data files.–CD (Compact Disk) is a disk that holds large amounts of data (628MB and higher), such as audio, video, and software applications.CD-ROM Drive Speeds•CD-ROM drives operate much slower than hard drives.•CD-ROM drive specifications:–Average Seek Time is the time required for a drive to move randomly about the disk.–Average Access Time is the time required to find and retrieve data on a disk or in memory.CD-ROM Drive SpeedsMultimedia – Table # 1CD-ROM Transfer SpeedsCD-ROM Drive SpeedsMultimedia – Table # 2CD-ROM Access TimesCD-ROM Drive Buffers/Cache•Ways to increase CD-ROM data transfers:–Buffer memory located on the CD-ROM drive–Adjust the CD-ROM cacheTheory of CD-ROM Drive Operation•Data is stored on a CD with pits and flats.–Pits are indentations along the track of a CD.–Flats are lands that separate the pits in a CD.Theory of CD-ROM Drive OperationInside a CD-ROM DriveMultimedia – Figure #2Internal and External CD-ROM Drives•Types of CD-ROM drives–Internal CD-ROM drives using either IDE or SCSI interface–External CD-ROM drives using the SCSI interfaceCD-ROM Disk Loading•Methods for inserting a compact disk into a CD-ROM drive:–Tray Loaded is a method to insert a CD or DVD into a drive. They are less expensive but more likely to have lower MTBFs.•MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) is the average number of hours before a device fails.–Caddy Loaded is a term used to describe how a CD inserts into a CD drive using a special holder.•Caddy is a holder for a compact disk that inserts into the CD drive.–Slot Loaded is a term used to describe how a CD loads into a slot in the CD drive. This has the disadvantage of disk jams.CD-ROM Disk LoadingMultimedia – Figure #3CD-ROM Drive with Tray and CD-ROM CaddyCD-R and CD-RW•CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) is a CD drive that can create a compact disk by writing once to the disk.–UDF (Universal Disk Format) is a CD-R drive standard used by some manufacturers.–DDCD (Double Density CD) is a CD disk format that extends to 1.3GB. Drives that use this specification can also read regular CDs, CD-R disks, and CD-RW disks.•WORM (Write Once-Read Many) is a technology that writes data once to a disk. It is often used to make backups or distribute software.CD-R and CD-RW•CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable) or CD-E is a CD drive that can write data multiple times to a particular disk.–PD (Phase-Change Dual) is a laser technology used to make CD-E and CD-RW disks.–Dye-Polymer is a technology for making CD-E or CD-RW disks by laser-heating the disk surface to produce light reflecting bumps.•MultiRead or MultiRead2 is an OSTA specification that states the CD-RW drive is backward compatible with CD-ROM and CD-R disks.Magneto-Optical Drives•MO (Magneto-Optical) Drive is a type of drive that uses a special technology for reading and writing multiple times to a compact disk. After the disk is heated by the laser to produce a bump, a magnet applies a charge to the surface.Structure of a CD•A single CD is 4.8” in diameter and can store about 780 MB of information. It is made out of polycarbonate material that has a single spiral made out of microscopic bumps. A thin layer of Aluminum is then applied over the bumps. A thin layer of acrylic covers the aluminum.•Bumps are 0.5 micron wide and the spiral is separated by 1.6 microns. The spiral starts near the center and ends at the edge. The spiral is about 5 km long.•On a DVD the bumps are 0.32 micron wide and the spiral is separated by 0.74 microns.DVD-ROM•DVD-ROM is a technology that produces disks with superior audio and video performance and increased storage capacity.–In DVD drives, the MPEG-2 video must be converted, and the decoder is the way to convert the data.–DirectX is a Microsoft DVD technology that integrates multimedia drivers, application code, and 3-D support for audio and video.–Region Code is a setting on a DVD drive or disk that specifies a geographic region.DVD-ROMMultimedia – Table # 5DVD Region CodesDecoders•Decoders are used to decompress the video and audio from a DVD.–Hardware Decoder requires a PCI adapter and handles the decoding.–Software Decoder is a type of DVD decoder that puts the burden on the CPU to decode and uncompress the MPEG-2 video data from the DVD.Other DVD Technologies•Types of DVD Technologies:–DVD-RAM uses a phase technology like CD-RW and allows data to be rewritten on a DVD-RAM disk.–DVD-R uses WORM technology to use one or two sides of the disk. –DVD-RW (DVD-ReWritable) uses 4.7GB disks that can be erased and rewritten to the disk.–DVD+RW (DVD Read and Write) is a drive that can be read from,