HIST 106 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 23 31 Battle of the Coral Sea May 1942 o Stopped the Japanese threat to Australia The first battle ever in which the ships do not see actually see the opposing fleets This is done entirely through aircraft war that took off from one fleet to the other There were not just American and Japanese ships but also Australian and Dutch ships The allied fleet beats the Japanese through aircraft in this battle and we battle it out until it was basically a draw there is no clear winner in terms of losses Battle of Midway June 1942 o The Japanese want to take this small island due to the base of operations stationed in this area and Japanese can attack Hawaii any time they want something that was a threat to the US o By this point in the war the US has more or less cracked the Japanese naval code The Japanese would use silent code in order to not be heard by the Americans Even through this the Americans knew that the Japanese were going to attack Midway but they don t know how or when When the Americans find the Japanese they attack and the first couple of missions were suicide missions The Japanese and US fleets do not meet and this is all done through airway fleets At the end of the battle the Japanese will have lost 4 aircraft carriers we lost 1 and lost 250 aircrafts we lost 150 aircrafts o This stops Japanese offense operations and the Japanese will now be fighting on the defense o This will destroy basically all of the Japanese naval ability and they will not be able to recover Especially the number of aircraft pilots since the US killed off the most of them in Midway Battle of Iwo Jima Feb Mar 1945 o This was a very small island that is dominated by a huge volcano and the US will not attack until there are a lot of their troops on the island The US lands on the beach and the Japanese open fires on everything that the US has soldiers and weapons There was no cover the only way to survive was to keep moving and get off of the beach and this is the only battle where the US casualties outnumber the Japanese casualties o This island is strategically important because it was a good landing point for aircraft if the atomic bomb was to be used This is the first island that is Japanese home territory and this is why they will defend it fiercely o Us 6000 killed 19000wounded o Japan 21000 killed Battle of Okinawa Apr Jun 1945 o Over 95 000 Japanese killed including many civilians who committed suicide This was the first battle that took place in an area where civilians actually live This is an extremely bloody battle and the Japanese civilians would not surrender and this is why a lot of Japanese civilians committed suicide Flame thrower tanks were extremely important in this operation was the only way to get the bunkers 12 000 US troops killed and 95 000 US wounded the costs increase the closer the US gets to the Japanese Double victory was minorities in the US going to combat to show the people at home what they can do fight oversees and fight discrimination at home Japanese war atrocities o Rape of Nanking o Bataan death march The Philippines will march American soldiers still in the Philippines to march a long time without food or water and if they fell behind they would kill them o Chemical weapons The Japanese would release deadly diseases against their opponents such as bubonic plague o Human testing o Treatment of prisoners o Cannibalism Specifically selected prisoners of war for human consumption and would take flesh off of live people to consume o Comfort women Chinese women who were forced into prostitution to please the Japanese army o Potsdam Conference Divided Europe Decided to do the occupation zones in Germany and made the east Prussia its own nation divided by Poland and Soviet Union o Truman doctrine If a nation is threatened by communist overthrow from inside or outside the US will sustain them to help them support their democracy Based on the Truman doctrine and containment the US will end up supporting some very bad people just because they were not communist even if they were a dictator A big portion of the Truman doctrine US support was financial support to help the governments rebuild their countries If the US helps them in this way the countries will not turn on the US o Marshall plan A plan to rebuild Europe and the US will extend funds to ALL European nations including communist nations to rebuild their nation Will provide Marshall plan funds to Europe France Belgium and especially Western Germany and these funds will lead to what is called the Bearable years Counter insurgency Berlin Blockade June 1948 May 1949 o USSR wants the entire Berlin occupation zone Until 1990 Berlin remains an occupation zone and people who served in Berlin or served after WWII received the medal of occupation zone o o o o o Cuts off land routes These routes were very key to the allies providing resources to Western Germany USAF and British royal air force supply the city by air for the entire year Did not block airways because it is pretty difficult and the Soviets did not think that the US would provide west Berlin by air Truman wants to outlast this and tells the army to fly supplies by air around the clock to make sure the west Berlin has enough supplies 2 3 million tons of cargo North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nations with nuclear weapons can off help and the nuclear weapons to those allies that do not have nuclear weapons a protective umbrella for the countries that do not have nuclear weapons Warsaw pact Is a counter NATO and will say any communist nation that is invaded by a noncommunist nation all of the communist nations will come to their aid National security act 1947 War to defense Department of defense was created to encapsulate the department of army department of navy and department of air force The only representative of defense organizations that will be present for cabinet meetings will be secretary of defense US air force This act will create the US air force as their own branch of the army President Truman will desegregate the army and there will be no institutional segregation in the army Joseph McCarthy Attacked everyone o Starts making false statements about communists in the government and would go on witch hunts across America o This was looking for people who had any ties to communism not operating communists who were actually trying to do something o Some of the people who fought in Spain were fighting on the
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