HIST 106 EXAM REVIEWElection Winners- Truman ‘48- Eisenhower ’52, ‘56- Kennedy ‘60- Johnson ‘64- Nixon ’68, ‘72G.I. Bill- Helped veterans buy homes- Go to collegePost-WWII Population shift- Suburbs- West- sunbelt- Where did people go, period of prosperity at the end of WWIISocial Welfare Programs- Permanent (whether Republicans or Democrats) o FDRo Trumano Ikeo Kennedyo Johnsono NixonReligion in Post-WW II U.S.- Church attendance went up- Majority of people identified with a church- Non-traditional religions (e.g. Buddhism)Post WW II Religious Attitudes- Adjustments- Government- (Churches began to adapt and the government was not troubled at all about professing a belief in a Supreme Being – One Nation Under God)Post-WW II: Women- Johnny came marching home & women were knocked out of jobs- Baby boom (beings 1946)o Momso Homemakers- Lower classes still workedPost-WW II Politics- East (USSR sphere)- West (U.S./European) sphere- U.S. Leadership- (Sphere of influence: one nation has a measure of control over another nation or religion (economic, social, etc.))Post-WW II in U.S.- Internationalist (non-isolationist)- Need foreign markets for its products- Global leader- Wants to spread liberty and democracyPost-WW II Economy- Keynesianism persists- John Maynard Keyneso Economisto Theory: government has to get involved in economy from time to time to either moderate/stimulate the economy- Factories survived- Exports (to oversea markets)- Overseas divisions- Peace time conversion in U.S.o E.g. not only using Ford motors or planes, cars, etc.- Defense industries significanto Cold Waro Overseas salesInternational Relations- George F. Kennano Policy of containment- Containmento Not let countries take over, “contain” them- Truman Doctrine: help countries dealing with external pressure, stick up for these countries- Marshall Plan (1948)o European economic recoveryo George MarshallTaft-Hartley Act (1947)- Truman – vetoes this Act, he’s a Democrat but its passed over his veto- Laboro Truman wins labor by vetoing Taft-Hartley Act- Capitalists- SupportDemocratic Party Convention (1948)- Truman- DixiecratsInternational Relations- Chinao Communistso Nationalistso Maoo People’s Republico TaiwanCrises- Berlin Airlift (1948)- Mao’s rise to power (1949)- Hungarian uprising (1956)o Eisenhower said “we don’t have capacity to take military action”- Bay of Pigs (1961)o Invasion of Cuba chaos unsuccessful- Berlin Wall (1961)o So people can’t escape from East Germany into West Berlin- **Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)o Soviet missiles in CubaKorea- Started with North Korea and South Korea- Ended in stalemate (as N. Korea and S. Korea)Good Night and Good Luck- 1950s- Milo Radulovich- Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R-WI)- Don Hollenbecko Newspaper criticismo Worried people are going to think he’s a communist sympathizer- Edward R. Murrowo TV – think its heading in wrong direction (sitcoms, game shows), powerful tool to educated and reformo Supportive of constitutional rightsIke (Eisenhower)- Former general- Won in 1952, 1956- Hungary (1956)- Warned against military-industrial complex- Interstate Highway Act (1956)o $$$o Evacuation routeso Autoso OilCold War- Iron Curtaino Separates the East and West spheres of influence- Spheres of influenceCuban Revolution (1959)- In- Out – Batista (notorious dictator and crook)- Political alignment o Aligns itself with the Soviet Union1960 Election- Nixon (R)- Kennedy (D) (WINS)o Catholico Houston SpeechJFK- Catholic- Democrat- Houston Speech- Believes in civil rights- RVN advisersCivil Rights Organizations- NAACP- CORE- SCLC- SNCCMore Militant Organizations- Black Panther Party- Black Liberation ArmyFreedom Summer- Mississippi- 1964 (before Voting Rights Act)- Voter education- Voter registrationLBJ – Civil Rights- 1964 Civil Rights Act- 1965 Voting Rights Act is passedCivil Rights Act of 1964- LBJ: “We have delivered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come.”Perlstein’s Obituary for Peter Boyle (RE-READ THIS BEFORE THE EXAM)- Film reflected reality- Hardhats’ clash with demonstrators- Joe targeted his rants at…blacks, liberals, and gays- Joe’s side of the story- Was Boyle like Joe? NoJoe with Peter Boyle- The Compton’s are worried because…she’s doing drugs and shacking up with her boyfriend- Gaps (generational, racial, cultural)- Rick Perlstein’s obituary- Joe is mad at…o Welfare recipientso Young people who have no respecto The screwed up music of young peopleo Young people’s drugs and orgiesGulf of Tonkin- Incident- American reaction- ResultViet Nam War- Gulf of Tonkin resolution- Escalation- My Lai- Vietnamization – Nixon plan, bring our boys home, turn war over to Vietnamese- Paris peace talk- Lyndon B. Johnson’s speech (1965)o How dangerous it would be to America if the U.S. backs down- Robert F. Kennedy’s speecho We need to get out of warNixon and the War- Paris peace talks- Bombing as an element of diplomacy- My Lai exposed- Cambodian “incursion”- VietnamizationViet Nam’s Aftermath- Many Vietnamese fled- Many to re-education camps- Communists did not hold elections- U.S. recognized limits to its powerU.S. Objectives in Viet Nam- Prevent communist RVN- Establish Saigon’s control throughout RVN- Dislodge VC and NVA in RVNViet Nam War Events- Gulf of Tonkin- My Lai- Tet Offensiveo Psychologically and politically made enough of an impression on American that it eroded American public support of the war in Viet NamRon Kovic – Born on the Fourth of July- Attitudes:o Ron pre-RVNo Ron post – RVNo Mom – “stop them commies”o Dad – not so sureo Tommy – turns against the war and changes his mind- At the parade (1969)o Sees that things have changed when he’s riding in the car people givingthe bird and flashing peace signs- Conversationso Timmy (Viet Nam Vet)o Steve (Burger Man) – says “screw this, I’m going to business school”1968 Election- Lyndon B. Johnson- Hubert H. Humphrey- Robert F. Kennedy- Eugene J. McCarthy- Richard M. Nixon- George C. WallacePopular Music and U.S. Society- Motowno Black performerso Young, black and white fans Crosses racial lines, both like it- Elvis Presley- Bob DylanPerlstein’s Obituary- N.Y. incident between “hardhats” and young demonstrators- Boyle: did the film explore source of Joe’s anger? No- Some fans though Boyle thought like Joe!War and Society- “Double V”- Truman desegregates U.S. military in 1948Civil
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