Exam II – Study GuideWilliam Collopy- Admiral Sir John Fisher incorporated station cruisers into battle fleets- French did not join the crowd in “battleships” – torpedo craft, light cruisers and interdiction of shipping lanes- Portsmouth Treaty – ended Russo-Japanese War- French thought Ferdinand de Lesseps could build the canal because he had experience in another country but it was a different terrain – failed- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty: U.S. & Britain; neutral canal; no exclusive control- Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: U.S. & Britain; diminishing British influence (losing influence in home country); canal run solely by the U.S.- Hay-Herran Treaty: U.S. & Colombia; 99 yr lease in Panama, ratified by U.S. Senate but rejected by Senate of Colombia- Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty: U.S. & independent Panama; Varilla was a Frenchman- Progressive Presidents = Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson- Mudrakers = people who wrote about situation in a negative light- Florence Kelley = concerned with conditions of child labor; went to law school herself and got a law degree because she couldn’t find a lawyer- Muller v. Oregon – state has vested interest in women’s working, they have ultimate responsibility for bearing, nurturing children and taking care of the homeo Significance to case: there is a legal separation of men and women by virtual agenda – different because they deserve a different kind of treatment in the workplace (win and loss)- Margaret Sanger = leader in the birth control movement- Smaller families among middle class, not lower class- Carrie Chapman Catt = leader in suffrage (women’s suffrage)- Court bias – tend to rule on side of businesses, not the laborers- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: no enforced safety laws fire improve safety laws- United States v. Northern Securities Companyo Own two competing railroads and are told to “bust up this trust”o Supreme Court rules AGAINST Northern Securities Co. because they’re limiting competition U.S. wins- Plessy v. Ferguson – separate but equal accommodations; Jim Crow South- Tuskegee Institute – Booker T. Washington- NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) – white progressives, black leaders and legal processes (using process of the law and courts for people regardless of their color)- W.E.B. Du Bois – PhD from Harvard, NAACP, Niagara Movement, and was the editor of The Crisis- Taft presidency – more anti-trust suits than Teddy Roosevelto Supported: corporate profits tax, personal income tax and direct election ofSenators- Wilson presidency – lower tariffs = lower prices, 16th amendment raised revenueo Opposed federal women’s suffrage amendmento Opposed federal child-labor legislationo Opposed federal loans for farmerso Considered African-American suffrage to be an error/mistake- Progressivism = gov’t is best that governs less active gov’t on behalf of public interest- U.S. is considered neutral (trade and finance)- Zimmerman telegram – Germany Mexico- Encouragement to buy bonds (loans to apply, supplies, munitions and convoy escorts)- Mobilization of society regardless of age or gender- Allocation of vast resources for military purposes- Blurred boundaries between military and civilian realms- Casualties: Russia France Britain U.S.- German focus = Western front- National Catholic War Council formed to show Catholics were true Americanso Promoted patriotism, boosted morale and sponsored bond rallies- Wilson’s 14 Points:o Freedom of the seaso Removal of trade barrierso Armament reductionso Adjustment of colonial claimso Evacuation of occupied landso League of Nations- African Americans migrate from rural South to urban North after the war- Marcus Garvey – black pride- U.S. is NOT a member of the League of Nations- Unpaid war loans to Britain and France- Major challenges in Great Depression: relieve, revive, reform, regulate- Father Charles E. Coughlino Early New Deal supporter later turned on New Deal. Millions of radio listeners, championed the common man, anti-communist- Collective bargaining guaranteed to working people- FDR did NOT support anti-lynching bill and elimination of poll
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