ANSC 210 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 13 - 20Lecture 13What are the six necessary nutrients for dogs and cats? Water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. What are the differences between dog and cat milk? Dog milk is bery dense and high In fat and protein. Cow milk is less dense and low in fat and protein. What are the three types of digestion in dogs? Mechanical, microbial, and chemical. What are the differences between dog and cat teeth? Dogs have more molars; they chew their food. Cats have less molars; they swallow their food. What is the job of the pancreas? The pancreas lays against the stomach and secretes proteases, lipases, and insulin. What is the job of the liver? The liver stores and clears toxins. What is the job of the small intestine? The small intesting absorbs amino acids and fatty acids. What is the job of the large intestine? Reabsorbs water and salts. What is the body conditioning score system for dogs and cats? The score is 1 – 5; 5 is obese and 1 is emaciated. What percentage of dry and what food is water? Dry food is 10% water and wet food is 75% water. How are different dog food brands tested? The food is tested based on palatability and acceptability. What does beef dog food, beef formula, and beef flavor mean? Beef food is made of 95% beef; beef dinner is made of 25% beef; beef flavor does not have any beef. Lecture 14How are indredients listed on an animal food bag? They are listed according to the weight of theproduct. How is a food evaluated for animals? It is evaluated based on a dry-matter basis; wateris not taken into consideration. Is soy flour usually eaten by dogs and cats? No. Rank in order of digestibility: organ meats, fish and soybeans, rice, oats, egg whites and whey protein, muscle meats and yeast, wheat, and corn. Egg whites and whey protein, muscle meats, organ meats, fish and soybeans, rice, oats, and yeast, wheat, and corn. What are the following a source of and which are good sources compared to bad sources: chicken fat, beef tallow, sunflower oil, lard, flaxseed oils, and coldwater fish oils. They are all a source of fat which is important for fat soluble vitamins. Beef tallow and lard are bad quality fat sources and the rest are good quality. Are cats carnivores or omnivores? They are carnivores. Which amino acids do cats need that dogs do not? Taurine. Who requires more protein – dogs or cats? Cats need more protein than dogs.Lecture 16Which breed of dog is used by Bryan Police? Belgian Melinois. Which six areas are the dogs trained in? Tracking, Criminal Evidence Search, Building Search, Area Search, Pursue andApprehend Subjects, Narcotics Search. Are the dogs passive or active trained and what does it mean? The dogs are passive trained which means when they find what they are looking for theywill lay down and wait for the next command. What are the four drives that Bryan Police looks for in prospective dogs? Hunt drive, prey drive, work drive, and fight drive. What is the courage test? Tests the courage of the dogs. The dogs are able to chase a person who then turns around and tries to scare them. What is the difference between exiting the left side and the right side of a patrol car? Exiting the right side means the dog is engaging in combat; the left side means the dog is going to sniff out something.Lecture 17What are the phalanges? The equivalent of a dog’s fingers. What is the sesamoid? The equivalent of a dog’s kneecap. Where are common osteosarcoma sites? Distal femur, proximial tibia, distal radius, proximal humerus. What does caudial, cranal, and posterior mean? Caudial –towards the back end; cranal – towards the head; posterior – towards the back end.Lecture 18Are dogs monoestrus or polyestrus breeders? Dogs are monoestrus breeders – they come into heat only once a years. What are the four stages of the breeding cycle? Anestrus – when the dog is not in heat; proestrus – some bleeding, this is when the first signs of estrus occur; estrus – actively seeking male dogs, usually bred halfway between this nine day window; diestrus – 60 days long no matter if the bitch is pregnant or not. Which cycle are bitches in most of the time? Dogs are not in estrus for most of the time; therefore, they are in anestrus most of the time. What is vaginal cytology? This is a way to determine what reproductive stage the bitch is. The vagina is swabbed and then the swab is rolled onto a slide and stained. Estrus cells are dead andthe cell membranes are thing. What are the four ways to breed a bitch? Count the days from the start of bleeding and breed ten days after; breed at first standing heat; test for progesterone; vaginal cytology. How long with bitches and dogs “tie” for after breeding? 30 – 40minutes. If using a thermometer, how do you determine when a dog is going to give birth? IF thetemperature is normally 100 – 100.5 and the temperature drops to 98 – 99, the bitch will give birth in 8 – 12 hours. What are two other ways to determine when the bitch is going to give birth? The bitch will start nesting and might stop eating. Are cats polyestrus or monoestrus? Polyestrus. What are the cycles for a cat? Anstrus, proestrus, estrus, postestrus (only if the queen did not ovulate), and diestrus. What is unique in terms of getting pregnant for cats? Queens must have copulation in order to ovulate. They are induced ovulators.Lecture 19What are the steps for diagnosing a patient? Establishing the complaint, determining the signalment (species, age, sex, and breed of animal), obtaining the history of the animal, physicalexamination, define the problems, determine which disease would cause the problem, and developing a plan. What are some types of diagnostic testing? Blood work, urine or fecal sample, skin scrape, bacteria culture, fine needle aspirate, biopsy, radiograph, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT, MRI, or endoscopy. Lecture 20What are the three common diagnostic testing? CDC, chemistry panel, and urine sample. What is the CDC testing? The CDC test is a complete blood count test. The CRC counts the white blood cells which can indicate the beginning of an infection and also counts the red blood cells. What does the chemistry panel usually test for? The chemistry panel testes for proteins, ions, and glucose. What are some types of imaging and what do each of the imagings look like? Radiography – uses x-rays and generates and image. The image allows internal