HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I Division of Europe II The spread of communism III Berlin Blockade June 1948 May 1949 IV North Atlantic Treaty Organization V Defense measures VI The Korean war 1950 1953 Outline of Current Lecture I Korean war continued II The second red scare III Election of 1953 IV Eisenhower abroad V The 1950s Current Lecture Korean war continued o Pusan perimeter o Inchon landings o Macarthur s drive north o Chaplin Emil Kapaun Awarded the medal of armor due to his courage of going unarmed into the battles and offering encouragement and medical care Was a POW escaped the POW camp to find food and comes back to feed the POWs in the camp On Easter morning he held a mass in the open the Koreans punish him severely and leave him to die o Armistice reached in 1953 Said that we would stop shooting but the war is not over there is no peace treaty o US keeps large number of forces in the country To this day we still have a large number of forces in South Korea as a peace treaty is never signed o US in commands all south Korean forces until 1978 US commanders in the army forces in south Korea and in 1978 the US will allow the south Koreans to jointly command the army The second red scare o House un American activities committee HUAC Joseph McCarthy Attacked everyone o Starts making false statements about communists in the government and would go on witch hunts across America o This was looking for people who had any ties to communism not operating communists who were actually trying to do something o Some of the people who fought in Spain were fighting on the same side as the USSR and will be accused of being communists Evidence o Really did not have any evidence on who and how many people were communists in the government Support was among blue collar Americans o His supporters would say if you have nothing to hide then what s the problem Used fear as a weapon to gain power o He gained a ton of power and if you accused him of anything he would accuse you of being communist Army hearings 1954 o He starts saying that there were many people in command in the army were communist o This was his fall of power because even his supporters would not stand for him accusing those who fight for our freedoms being communists Alger Hiss Was prosecuted for being a communist and under oath he said he was not a communist so he was convicted of purgery Could not get enough evidence on being a communist spy so they were not able to get him convicted of espionage Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Had worked on the Manhattan project and were accused of passing secrets to the Soviet Union In the climate of the red scare they really had no chance and were tried convicted and executed Election of 1953 o Adlai Stevenson o Dwight Eisenhower He won this election by a landslide Platform was to end the war in Korea as the war did not need to go any farther Eisenhower abroad o The Korean conflict o Iran What was at stake Iran has a new prime minister who wants to nationalize oil in Iran and British companies and American companies owned most of the oil in Iran at that time Don t want Iran to nationalize oil because we like having a lot of access to their oil and don t want other countries we exploit to do the same Operation Ajax They give support to the army who are nationalist push the prime minister out of power and put Abdul Rajim into power as the new shah o The new shah rules pretty brutally but he was friendly to the Americans and he was not communist o Suez crisis President Nasar of Egypt comes into power and throws the Egyptian king out of power and decides to nationalize the Suez Canal currently owned by the UK and France In 1957 the British French and Israelis decide to retake over the canal and ask for US support after they take over the canal The lack of US support leads to the failure of the British French Israeli operation and nationalizes the Suez canal Consequences this leads to the British no longer being a world superpower as once they lose the canal they no longer want anything to do with the canal o Lebanon Puts 15 000 marines in Lebanon to make the Lebanese friendly to the US Eisenhower doctrine Any country that is threatened by a communist country the US will come in and help them This doctrine will be the main reason why we enter Vietnam and put a lot of military and resources towards that conflict The 1950s o Economic stagnation o The integration of Little Rock High School o The national highway system Federal highway act 1956 o The Eisenhower years Fear was common Anything different was suspect
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