HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I Pacific Theater of Operations II Battle of the Coral Sea May 1942 III Battle of Midway June 1942 IV Invade Japan V Battle of Iwo Jima Feb Mar 1945 VI Battle of Okinawa Apr Jun 1945 VII Double Victory VIII Atomic bomb IX Japanese war atrocities X The Holocaust Outline of Current Lecture I Division of Europe II The spread of communism III Berlin Blockade June 1948 May 1949 IV North Atlantic Treaty Organization V Defense measures VI The Korean war 1950 1953 Current Lecture Division of Europe o How to deal with Germany divide Germany Germany would stay divided until 1950 and east Germany would be the people s democratic republic of Germany communism and the democratic zone of Germany the western half o Potsdam Conference Divided Europe Decided to do the occupation zones in Germany and made the east Prussia its own nation divided by Poland and Soviet Union o Berlin Berlin is also divided up into 4 occupation zones since Berlin is the capital of Germany o Iron curtain Stalin dismantles a lot of the factories in Germany and moves them to the Soviet Union and there will be a lot more presence of Soviet soldiers in Germany The promises for democratic elections would occur every once in a while and most times the democratic elections would occur for what seemed like smaller roles ex Minister of the interior Winston Churchill made a speech in 1947 saying that Europe is falling to the iron curtain i e communism The spread of communism o Greek civil war 1946 1949 This civil war was between the Greek government and the Greek people s army the military wing of the Greek Communist party The US is very concerned as much of Europe is falling to communism and communism is spreading from east to west Europe o Containment George Kennan writes a paper saying communism operates based on expansion can only survive if its expanding and if it stops expanding or is contained it will crumble upon itself Gave up on the countries whose governments that have fallen to communism and attempt to save countries who could fall to communism o Truman doctrine If a nation is threatened by communist overthrow from inside or outside the US will sustain them to help them support their democracy Based on the Truman doctrine and containment the US will end up supporting some very bad people just because they were not communist even if they were a dictator A big portion of the Truman doctrine US support was financial support to help the governments rebuild their countries If the US helps them in this way the countries will not turn on the US o Marshall plan A plan to rebuild Europe and the US will extend funds to ALL European nations including communist nations to rebuild their nation Will provide Marshall plan funds to Europe France Belgium and especially Western Germany and these funds will lead to what is called the Bearable years Counter insurgency Berlin Blockade June 1948 May 1949 o USSR wants the entire Berlin occupation zone Until 1990 Berlin remains an occupation zone and people who served in Berlin or served after WWII received the medal of occupation zone o Cuts off land routes These routes were very key to the allies providing resources to Western Germany o USAF and British royal air force supply the city by air for the entire year Did not block airways because it is pretty difficult and the Soviets did not think that the US would provide west Berlin by air Truman wants to outlast this and tells the army to fly supplies by air around the clock to make sure the west Berlin has enough supplies o 2 3 million tons of cargo o 30 USAF airmen killed North Atlantic Treaty Organization o NATO is formed in September 1949 o Nations with nuclear weapons and those without Nations with nuclear weapons can off help and the nuclear weapons to those allies that do not have nuclear weapons a protective umbrella for the countries that do not have nuclear weapons o A new German army West Germany was finally able to have their own army in 1954 mainly because they were the only ones who fought the soviets o Warsaw pact Is a counter NATO and will say any communist nation that is invaded by a noncommunist nation all of the communist nations will come to their aid Defense measures o Peacetime conscription All men were put up to draft in order to help with the containment and communist issues o National security act 1947 War to defense Department of defense was created to encapsulate the department of army department of navy and department of air force The only representative of defense organizations that will be present for cabinet meetings will be secretary of defense US air force This act will create the US air force as their own branch of the army President Truman will desegregate the army and there will be no institutional segregation in the army o NSC 68 national security council report 68 Defend the western hemisphere Will say that the US needs an army that can defend the western hemisphere and other essential allied areas in places like Germany Hold on for offensive forces Provide essential aid to allies Maintain lines of communication and provide resources to allies to help them achieve the goal that they have to help them protect themselves from communism The Korean war 1950 1953 o Occupation zones along the 38th parallel China falls to communism in 1949 and this makes the US nervous because the largest country in Asia falls to communism China had been in a civil war before the peace of WWII between the government and the members of the people s republic of China The US tells the USSR that Korea needs to be one country and the communist part will be ruled by Kim Ill Sung and the western part will be democratically ruled o US and USSR withdrawal in 1949 o North Korean aggression The north Koreans want to attack the south Koreans something they want to do from the beginning with the help of the Soviets something they don t want to get involved in The north Koreans fire across the 38th parallel and their army was very strong compared to the south Korean army because the soviets had build up the north Korean really well o The UN responds 5 permanent members of the security council and all five of the permanent members have veto power US UK France USSR and China this seat was held by Taiwan because the communist China was not recognized by the UN McArthur makes it very public that he wants to nuke China and criticizes Truman and Truman fires McArthur The UN will intervene
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