HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I A New President A New Deal a A Bank Holiday b Seeking Agricultural Recovery c Seeking Industrial Recovery d Remembering the Forgotten Man II The Second Hundred Days a Populist Voices b A Shift in Focus III The New Deal and Society a Urban America b Popular Culture c Minorities and Women IV The New Deal Winds Down a Roosevelt and the Supreme Court b Resurgence of Labor Outline of Current Lecture I Roosevelt and Foreign Policy a The Good Neighbor Policy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute b Roosevelt and Isolationism II The Road to War a Roosevelt and American Neutrality b The Battle for the Atlantic c Facing Japan d Pearl Harbor III America Responds to War a Japanese American Internment b A People at Work and War IV Waging World War a Halting the Japanese Advance b The Tide Turns in Europe c In the Perspective of the Soldiers V Ending the War a Stresses Within the Grand Alliance b Hitler s Defeat c Entering the Nuclear Age Current Lecture America s Rise to World Leadership 1933 1945 I Roosevelt and Foreign Policy a The Good Neighbor Policy In Latin America Roosevelt built on the improving relations already begun by Hoover by stressing his support of international rather than unilateral actions o FDR promised that the United States would be the good neighbor and would respect Latin American views and interests and not interfere in Latin American affairs Reversal of Teddy Roosevelt o His views were soon tested in Cuba when the nation erupted into civil war but the situation calmed when General Fulgencio Batista became the nation s leader and remained in power until 1958 o The United States recognized the new government and signed a favorable trade agreement Roosevelt s commitment to nonintervention was tested in 1938 when Mexico s president C rdenas nationalized foreign owned oil properties and U S oil companies quickly demanded that their property and profits be protected o Eventually the United States recognized Mexico s right to control its own oil and in 1941 the two nations agreed on monetary compensation o By the end of his first administration Roosevelt had vastly improved the United States image and position of leadership throughout Latin America b Roosevelt and Isolationism Tensions were increasing however in Europe and Asia o In Germany Hitler had ruthlessly instituted a dictatorship by 1935 and the Japanese had conquered Manchuria and were speaking of establishing the Greater East Asian Co prosperity Sphere o Although the United States granted recognition of the Soviet Union in November 1933 the Soviets had too little credit to buy American goods and the United States was unwilling to provide it the nations still distrusted one another By 1934 isolationists were in full cry even repudiating the United States entry into World War I especially after the Nye Committee concluded that profits and British propaganda had caused America s entry into the first conflict o The Nye Committee Big businessmen who thought they could make large profits from the US going to war in Europe for WWI This was the reason they said for the US going to WWI They said that wars are fought for war profiteering o Isolationism Only worry about your country no one else country is neutral By 1935 tensions in Asia and Europe combined with American isolationism to generate neutrality laws that many hoped would prevent American involvement in future foreign wars o The Neutrality Act of 1935 prohibited the sale of arms and munitions to any nation at war o The 1937 Neutrality Act established cash and carry it required warring nations to pay cash for all nonwar goods and to carry them on their own ships II The Road to War a Roosevelt and American Neutrality As Europe rushed into war in the United States there was little desire to come to the aid of Poland Britain or France and public isolationism remained strong o Roosevelt had a different view because he was determined to do everything possible short of war to help those nations opposing Hitler o When Germany invaded Poland FDR proclaimed the nation neutral but emphasized that he could not ask Americans to be neutral in their thoughts The Third Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed any nation to buy weapons from the United States but Roosevelt knew that the British navy would deny the Germans access o As Roosevelt shaped American neutrality Hitler mopped up Polish resistance and quietly readied his army for an attack on the west in the spring Soviet Nazi pact Decided to split Poland if Germany invaded it the beginning of WWII o Not so secretly the Soviets continued their expansion by incorporating the Baltic Republics Latvia Lithuania Bostonia o Germany and Italy called the Axis powers controlled almost all of western and central Europe leaving Britain to face the seemingly invincible German army and air force alone May 10 1940 Germans took Poland rather quickly using Blitzkrieg Russians Soviets attacked Finland when it was extremely cold so it took a long time but Finland eventually fell called the Phony War because the Germans were preparing to hit the French during that time Germans were successful against the French and British even though they had a smaller army because of their tactics and the British and the French weren t communicating well along with drinking Because of this the Germans split up the British and the French armies to fight them separately o Britain s new Prime Minister Winston Churchill however was already turning to Roosevelt for aid Roosevelt responded favorably to his requests Stanley Baldwin 1920s prime minister Method of appeasement towards the Nazis Neville Chamberlin PM after Baldwin Method of appeasement also The Munich Conference negotiated the status of Czechoslovakia striking a deal that the British would support Germany taking Czechoslovakia if they promised to make no more territorial demands Hitler obviously didn t keep his promise Churchill says the Munich Conference was a fake defeat and really Hitler would go for more land Once Hitler did Chamberlin was forced to resign Churchill then took over o The election results in 1940 demonstrated solid personal support for Roosevelt but not for the Democratic party which lost three Senate seats b The Battle for the Atlantic By December 1940 Churchill had asked Roosevelt for loans to pay for supplies and for