NSC 170C1 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Overweight and Obesity Outline of Current Lecture I Underweight Factors A Diets II Eating Disorders A Treatment and awareness Current Lecture I Factors that lead to being underweight A Underweight is a BMI below 18 5 B There are a variety of factors that can lead C Potential causes include i Medical conditions such as cancer or intestinal disorders ii Alcoholism iii Psychiatric disorders such as depression or dementia iv Chronic emotional stress v Poverty vi Excessive physical activity vii Excessive caloric restriction due to dieting D Unrealistic body images in media II Being underweight contributes to poor health A Underweight can increase your risk for many health problems including i Disorders related to nutrient deficiencies such as anemia hair loss irregular heartbeat impaired nerve function and low bone density ii Increased risk for fractures due to low bone density iii Reduced immune defenses iv Loss of menstrual periods and risk of miscarriage in women III FAD Diets are the latest fad A Americans spend over 30 billion annually on weight loss programs products and pills B Research supports that it is the calories not the composition of the diet that counts when it comes to losing weight i Any diet can support weight loss when calories are reduced ii The more realistic and doable the diet the more likely people will stick with it long enough to lose weight C Red flags for diet hype i Diets that severely limit certain foods ii Diets that guarantee rapid weight loss iii Celebrity endorsed miracle weight loss products with a money back guarantee iv Naturally occurring plants herbs and other substances that will help you lose weight without risks v More and Less Energy Dense Food Choices by Food Group III What is an eating disorder and how can you identify it A No single factor causes eating disorders i Sociocultural Factors a Our society associates thinness with beauty success and happiness b Young women are highly influenced by images in the media that depict women with abnormally low body weights ii Physical Factors a Researchers theorize that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors can increase an individual s risk for eating disorders b Eating disorders are observed to run in families iii Psychological Factors a Depression anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder are common in people with eating disorders b Perfectionism is a personality trait that can contribute to eating disorders c A person with an eating disorder often gets a sense of security from being able to control food intake and weight iv Anorexia Results from Severe Calorie Restriction v Bulimia Involves Cycles of Binge Eating and Purging vi Binge Eating Disorder Involves Compulsive Overeating vii Night Eating Syndrome viii Learn the Warning Signs of Disordered Eating IV B Disordered eating describes a variety of eating patterns considered abnormal and potentially harmful i Refusing to eat compulsive eating binge eating restrictive eating vomiting after eating or abusing diet pills laxatives or diuretics C Eating disorders are psychological illnesses that involve specific abnormal eating behaviors anorexia nervosa self starvation and bulimia nervosa binging and purging i It is possible for someone to engage in disordered eating patterns without having an actual eating disorder D In the United States 11 million people struggle with eating disorders i Predominantly affects adolescent and young adult females in white upper middle and middle class families ii 12 percent of eating disorders occur in males iii Anyone can develop these conditions regardless of gender age race ethnicity or social status Common Eating Disorders A Anorexia i ii iii iv v vi B Bulimia i ii iii Anorexia results from serve caloric restriction Characterized by self starvation and excessive weight loss Intense fear of gaining weight or being fat along with misperception of body size May have a fear of eating certain foods such as those containing fat and sugar May also exercise excessively to control weight Serious health effects that can be fatal a Electrolyte imbalances b Drop in body temperature which can lead to growth of lanugo downy hair c Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure weakness fatigue and hair loss d Reproductive ability ceases e Digestive process slows causing constipation bloating and delayed gastric emptying f Dehydration iron deficiency and osteoporosis Bulimia involves cycles of binge eating and purging During bingeing the person lacks control over eating and consumes a larger than normal amount of food in a short period of time The binge is often followed by some type of purging a Purging any behavior that assists in getting rid of food to prevent weight gain or promote weight loss b Vomiting excessive exercise abuse of diet pills laxatives or diuretics and strict dieting or fasting iv Associated with many severe health consequences a Self induced vomiting can cause tears in the esophagus swollen parotid glands tooth decay and gum disease and broken blood vessels in the eye b Electrolyte imbalances can be fatal c Dehydration and constipation d Laxative abuse can cause constipation dehydration electrolyte imbalance fluid retention bloody stool and impaired bowel function C Binge Eating Disorder i Involves compulsive overeating ii Recurrent episodes of binge eating without purging a Eat without regard to physiological cues and may feel out of control while eating iii Overeating results in physical and psychological discomfort a May binge in secret and feel ashamed about their behavior iv Health risks include overweight and obesity high blood pressure high cholesterol heart disease type 2 diabetes gallbladder disease v Falls into the diagnostic category of Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified EDNOS D Night Eating Syndrome i Another form of EDNOS ii Consumes a majority of daily calories after the evening meal as well as wakes up during the night possibly several times to eat a Most common among obese individuals iii Unique combination of disordered eating a sleep disorder and a mood disorder iv Associated with low self esteem depression reduced daytime hunger and less weight loss among obese patients v Stress is a contributing factor in the development and continuation of night eating syndrome V VI Warning Signs of an eating disorder A Learn the warning signs of disordered eating B Both physical and behavioral signs can warn of