NSC 170C1 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. The “mighty” food labels A. What food labels tell you about, how they are important B. Required Information C. Daily ValuesD. ClaimsOutline of Current LectureII. The Process of DigestionA. How food becomes nutrition1. DigestionB. GI tract organs vs. Accessory OrgansC. Small IntestineD. Large IntestineE. Disorders Current LectureIII. What makes food so enjoyable?A. Food satisfies a genuine physical need.B. Eating food and drink fluids often begins with the sensation ofeither hunger or thirstC. Appetite is influenced by our food preferences and the psychological stimulation to eatIV. DigestionA. Digestion occurs in the GI tract B. GI Tract Organs1. Mouth2. Esophagus 3. Stomach4. Small Intestine5. Large IntestineC. Three main roles of the GI Tract1. Break down food into its smaller components2. Absorb nutrients3. Prevent microorganisms or other harmful compounds consumed with food from entering the tissues of the body.D. Accessory Organs 1. PancreasA. The pancreas produces important digestive enzymes but also two hormones important for regulating blood sugar, insulin and glucagon2. LiverB. Produces bile and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteinsC. Also stores several nutrients and key in the detoxification of alcohol3. GallbladderV. Small IntestineA. Long, narrow, coiled chamber in the abdominal cavityB. 3 segments- duodenum, jejunum, and ileumC. Primary organ for digestion and absorption VI. Large IntestineA. Wider than small intestine but not coiled B. Helpful bacteria living in the large Intestine, plays a role in chemical digestionC. Fiber break down occursD. Some of the undigested carbohydrates turn into methane gas, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen. E. Rectum is the final portion VII. Disorders of the Mouth and Esophagus A. Gingivitis 1. Inflammation of the gumsB. Heartburn 1. Affects 25 to 30 percent of people on average 2. Occurs when the hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus C. Peptic Ulcer1. Is an erosion of the stomach lining caused by drugs, alcohol, or bacterium 2. Treatment includes antibiotic or dietary modificationsD. Gallstones1. Small hard crystalline structures E. Constipation and Diarrhea1. Constipation- difficulty passing stool2. Diarrhea- the passage of frequent, watery, loose stool. F. Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1. Hypersensitivity to stimuli in the large intestine G. Celiac Disease1. Immune system response to gluten causing damage to the lining of the Small
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