NSC 170C1 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Current Lecture II. Carbohydrates A. GlucoseB. What and how are carbohydrates importantC. Different Typesi. Fiber ii. GlycogenD. AmylaseE. Lactose MaldigestionF. How do we use carbohydrates Current LectureI. What are CarbohydratesA. It is one of three macronutrients B. A primary energy source composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenC. Good sources of carbohydrates includes fruits, vegetables & grainsII. GlucoseA. The most abundant carbohydrateB. Individual unit linked together to make carbohydrates C. Produced by plants through photosynthesis, C6H12O6 III. What are carbohydrates? And why do we need them? A. Simple Carbohydrates iii. Monosaccharides (simple)A. Fructose, Glucose, Galatoseiv. Disaccharides ( complex of simple carbohydrates)A. Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose B. Complex Carbohydrates i. Polysaccharides A. Starch is stored in plantsB. Fiber is not digestible but is very important (i.e. grains, fruits, vegetables) C. Glycogen is stored in animals , made up of glucose units linked together in the liver and muscle IV. Two categories of grain productsA. Refined grains: processed, doesn’t possess germ or endospermB. Whole Grains: bran, germ, and endospermi. May reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetesV. FiberA. Dietary fiber: found naturally in foodB. Functional Fiber: added for beneficial effectC. Soluble fiber: dissolves in water (i.e. beans, oats)D. Insoluble fiber: doesn’t dissolve in water, moves quickly through the GI tractVI. GlycogenA. Animals store carbohydrates as glycogenB. Glucose linked together, chain modelC. Glucose is stored in the liver and muscles of human beingsD. Not found in food therefore not in dietary carbohydratesVII. AmylaseA. Salivary Amylasei. An enzyme that begins breaking down maltose ii. There is no digestion of carbohydrates in stomach iii. Amylase is killed in the stomach by Hydrochloric acid B. Pancreatic Amylase i. An enzyme that produces in pancreas, digest starchto maltose VIII. Lactose MaldigestionA. The inability to digest lactose in foods due to inadequate levels of the enzyme lactoseIX. How does your body use carbohydratesA. Insulin regulates glucose in your blood B. During fasting your body breaks down fats and proteini. Incomplete carbohydrates produces Ketones as an alternative energy source ii. Ketones are acidic and too much change the PH of blood causing many serious problemsiii. Protein however can be turned into glucose, gluconeogenesisC. Energy= 4kcal D. Glucose is important during
View Full Document
Unlocking...