NSC 170C1 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. What is Nutrition? Why is it important? Outline of Current Lecture II. What is nutrition?III. What is healthA. Factors that contribute to good healthIV. NutrientV. Nutrient Trends of Americans Current LectureI. What is nutrition? A. Nutrition is the science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in foods nourish you and affect your health.II. What is Health? A. Health is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”B. Health Is More Than the Absence of DiseaseC. Good health and nutrition is closely related. III. Factors that contribute to healthA. Level of physical activity i. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on healthii. Weightiii. Both underweight and obesity increase susceptibility to disease and decrease life expectancyB. Smoking and Alcoholi. Smoking Increases risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, and cancerii. Chronic alcohol abuse and binge drinking are risk factors for traumatic injury and chronic diseasesC. Level of Stressi. Chronic stress is a major factor for ill healthD. Socioeconomic statusi. Low socioeconomic status is a predictor of health problemsE. Genetics i. Your genes influence the way your body metabolizes food, your tendency to gain or lose weight, and overall healthIV. Nutritional Genomics (Nutrigenomics)A. the study of how specific components in food interact with the expression of your genesB. Example: may help determine the specific dietary combination of types of fat that may lower your risk of heart disease based on your unique genetic make-upC. Nutritional Genomics Studies the Relationship between Diet and GenesD. Genes determine your inherited, specific traitsE. Made of DNA, which contains the instructions to build the proteins that compose and direct activities of the bodyV. What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?A. Macronutrients–energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amountsB. Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteinsC. Micronutrients–nutrients needed in lesser amountsD. Vitamins and mineralsE. Water is an essential nutrient needed in copious amountsF. Alcohol provides energy, but is not an essential nutrientVI. Energy from NutrientsA. We measure energy in kilocalories (kcal).i. On food labels, “calories” actually refer to kilocalories.ii. How many calories do you need?a. Depends on body size and activity leveliii. Law of thermodynamics a. Energy cannot be destroyed or created, its recycledVII. Nutrients and Their FunctionsA. The Best Way To Meet Your Nutrient Needs Is with a Well-Balanced DietB. Consume a balanced diet by selecting:i. A variety of foodsii. Essential nutrients from all six classesiii. Beneficial dietary compounds such as phytochemicals and fiber found in whole grains, fruits, and vegetablesiv. Individuals with diet restrictions or higher nutrient needs may benefit from taking a supplementC. Water Is Vital for Many Processes in Your Bodyi. Component of the fluid medium inside and outside of your cellsii. Helps chemical reactions take placeiii. Transports vital nutrients and oxygen to, and removes waste products from, your cellsiv. Maintains body temperature, cushions your organs, and lubricates joints, eyes, mouth, and intestinal tractD. Minerals are inorganic compounds and are key to the structure of some tissues, such as bonei. Deficiency can cause fatigue, stunted growth, weak bones, or organ damageE. Carbohydrates supply glucose, the simple sugar that fuels your cellsF. Fats are a major fuel source and act as insulation and cushioning in the bodyG. Proteins build and maintain your tissues, muscles, and organs, transport other nutrients, and are used to make hormones and enzymesVIII. How Does the Average American Diet Stack Up?A. The typical American diet is too high in:i. Total caloriesii. Saturated fatiii. SodiumB. The average American diet is low in:i. Vitamin Eii. Calciumiii. FiberC. Overweight and Obesity Are on the Rise i. Both overweight and obesity have become epidemic in the United Statesii. Over 65 percent of adults and 15 percent of children (aged 6 to 19) are overweightiii. Results in increased rates of type 2 diabetes (especially inchildren), heart disease, cancer, and strokeiv. Obesity Trends among U.S.