HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Descent into war II Managing the wartime economy III Women and minorities New opportunities old inequities IV Financing the war V Social engineering VI Suppressing dissent Outline of Current Lecture I Introduction II The war to end all wars III The fourteen points IV The Paris peace conference Current Lecture Introduction The war to end all wars o Intro context When the US entered the war the allies were not looking too good because they had been losing the war for 3 years It was so bad that French soldiers at one time refused to fight anymore The German submarines were devastating the British and the Russian government had collapsed o The Draf Selective service act of 1917 constriction or involuntary service of the US army Many people did volunteer and those who volunteered were mainly women o Basic training VERY basic Civilians to soldiers and were put into training camps that would get them in shape to fight in the war Many of the people were taught basic things such as personal hygiene and started a huge STD campaign Immigrants were taught English so that they would be able to understand the commands and American history so that they would take more pride in the country they are fighting for o American military services does not equal American equality Racial and ethnic segregation was very apparent Blacks were typically given menial jobs and their most common task was grave diggers There was a black platoon but they were commanded by the French and the US warned the French not to treat the blacks as equals 369th infantry regiment Harlem Hellfighters the most successful black platoon o For women either Women were only given non combat jobs and the women in the navy would get military benefits Women in the army had no military status not eligible for military benefits and were usually not given credit for their ideas o Into action in France The first American troops landed in France in June of 1917 and had to learn about trench warfare bayonets use machine guns throw grenades and how to avoid poisonous gas Full scale intervention by the US began in spring of 1918 into further fighting in Bellowud Rhimes the influx of American troops tipped the balance of power for allied victory o The Russian Front In July Wilson committed to have US troops intervene in Russia to help them rebuild afer they overthrew their government Under Lenin the Bolsheviks signed an armistice with Germany and freed German troops for a summer offensive in France o The western front The allies were more successful on the western front and launched their own offense Attacked the Germans and went through waves and waves of poisonous gas The fourteen points o Intro context The armistice was the first step to a final peace President Wilson came up with the 14 points and this advocated a democratic rural system and how to achieve this o Ulterior motives The Bolsheviks got a hand of the secret treaties of the allies and how the land would be broken up Lenin embarrassed all of the people who were calling for democracy who were fighting for imperialistic gains o The points 8 of Wilson s points said to create new nations and shifing old borders Wilson s 5 points Freedom of the seize open diplomacy instead of secret treaties arms reduction free trade and fair settlement of colonial claims THIS COULD BE ON THE TEST Wilson s 14th and most arguable point was to have a league of nations and carry out this ideal o The problems The allies had really never accepted Wilson s 14 points Wilson wanted a treaty that would promote expansion but realized that the allies wanted to get everything out of Germany that they could o Wilson FAIL Wilson did go to the peace conference in Paris even though no other president had gone to Europe while in office Wilson wanted voters to vote democratic to help promote his peace plan and the Americans were not happy with the democratic people and voted republicans to have control over the senate and the house Failed to name any republicans to help him in the Paris peace treaty and because of this the republicans felt no responsibility to approve this treaty The Paris peace conference o Intro context Opened on January 18 1918 and consisted of all of the high representatives from the allied countries The central powers the losers and Bolshevik Russia were not invited and this was obviously a one sided treaty o The treaty of Versailles The allies demanded compensation and security and Wilson would not be able to achieve goals due to this conference June 28 1919 Germany signed the peace treaty and this was much harsher than Wilson or anyone else had expected it to be Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war Germany was required to pay HUGE war reparations to the allies give up land to allies give up its colonies that it had around the world limit its army and navy to small defense forces destroy all military bases and not make manufacture buy arms or ammunition PROBABLY ALSO GOING TO BE ON THE TEST o Hypocrisy and the White guys redrawing the globe France Italy Romania and Japan all annexed territory against the wishing of the people who did not want it Germany was put under Polish control and under Czech control Austria was not allowed to pair up with Germany o Spanking Russians The allied leaders endorsed all of these changes because all of the new leaders were anti Communists Communist movements in early Germany in 1919 and the allies hoped to isolate and weaken Bolshevik Germany Wilson and the other leaders agreed to provide aid to get rid of communism in Germany Wilson hoped to restore peace in the world by creating the League of Nations o The league of nations The covenant was built into its treaty and its crucial feature article X was to guarantee all of the nations its own independence
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